मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-5, verse-39
यज्ञार्थं पशवः सृष्टाः स्वयमेव स्वयंभुवा ।
यज्ञोऽस्य भूत्यै सर्वस्य तस्माद यज्ञे वधोऽवधः ॥३९॥
यज्ञोऽस्य भूत्यै सर्वस्य तस्माद यज्ञे वधोऽवधः ॥३९॥
39. yajñārthaṁ paśavaḥ sṛṣṭāḥ svayameva svayaṁbhuvā ,
yajño'sya bhūtyai sarvasya tasmād yajñe vadho'vadhaḥ.
yajño'sya bhūtyai sarvasya tasmād yajñe vadho'vadhaḥ.
39.
yajñārthaṃ paśavaḥ sṛṣṭāḥ svayam eva svayaṃbhu vā |
yajño 'sya bhūtyai sarvasya tasmād yajñe vadho 'vadhaḥ
yajño 'sya bhūtyai sarvasya tasmād yajñe vadho 'vadhaḥ
39.
svayaṃbhu vā svayam eva yajñārthaṃ paśavaḥ sṛṣṭāḥ asya
sarvasya bhūtyai yajñaḥ tasmāt yajñe vadhaḥ avadhaḥ
sarvasya bhūtyai yajñaḥ tasmāt yajñe vadhaḥ avadhaḥ
39.
For the purpose of Vedic ritual (yajña), animals were created by the self-existent one himself. The Vedic ritual (yajña) is for the prosperity of all. Therefore, the killing in a Vedic ritual (yajña) is not considered actual killing.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- यज्ञार्थं (yajñārthaṁ) - for the purpose of Vedic ritual (yajña) (for the sake of Vedic ritual, for the purpose of sacrifice)
- पशवः (paśavaḥ) - animals (animals, cattle)
- सृष्टाः (sṛṣṭāḥ) - created (created, made, produced)
- स्वयम् (svayam) - by himself (self, by oneself)
- एव (eva) - indeed (indeed, only, thus)
- स्वयंभु (svayaṁbhu) - the self-existent one (self-existent, Brahma)
- वा (vā) - or, and
- यज्ञः (yajñaḥ) - The Vedic ritual (yajña) (Vedic ritual, sacrifice)
- अस्य (asya) - of all (of this, his)
- भूत्यै (bhūtyai) - for the prosperity (for prosperity, for welfare)
- सर्वस्य (sarvasya) - of all (of all, entire)
- तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (from that, therefore)
- यज्ञे (yajñe) - in a Vedic ritual (yajña) (in Vedic ritual, in sacrifice)
- वधः (vadhaḥ) - the killing (killing, slaughter, murder)
- अवधः (avadhaḥ) - not considered actual killing (not killing, not to be killed)
Words meanings and morphology
यज्ञार्थं (yajñārthaṁ) - for the purpose of Vedic ritual (yajña) (for the sake of Vedic ritual, for the purpose of sacrifice)
(indeclinable)
Compound type : tatpurusha (yajña+artha)
- yajña – Vedic ritual, sacrifice
noun (masculine)
Root: √yaj (class 1) - artha – purpose, aim, meaning, wealth
noun (masculine)
पशवः (paśavaḥ) - animals (animals, cattle)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of paśu
paśu - animal, cattle, beast, a sacrificial victim
सृष्टाः (sṛṣṭāḥ) - created (created, made, produced)
(nominal form)
Nominative, masculine, plural of sṛj
sṛj - to create, to produce, to emit, to send forth, to let loose
Past Passive Participle
Root sṛj + suffix kta (past passive participle)
Root: sṛj (class 6)
स्वयम् (svayam) - by himself (self, by oneself)
(indeclinable)
एव (eva) - indeed (indeed, only, thus)
(indeclinable)
स्वयंभु (svayaṁbhu) - the self-existent one (self-existent, Brahma)
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of svayaṃbhu
svayaṁbhu - self-existent, self-created, Brahma
Compound of svayam 'self' and bhu 'being'
Compound type : bahuvrihi (svayam+bhu)
- svayam – self, by oneself
indeclinable - bhu – being, existence
noun (masculine)
Root: √bhū (class 1)
वा (vā) - or, and
(indeclinable)
Note: This 'vā' might be a particle, possibly an emphatic or connective particle, or a weak form of 'iva' or 'va'. Given its position after 'svayaṃbhu', it's likely emphatic or part of a compound idea, possibly relating to how the creation happened.
यज्ञः (yajñaḥ) - The Vedic ritual (yajña) (Vedic ritual, sacrifice)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of yajña
yajña - Vedic ritual, sacrifice
Root: √yaj (class 1)
अस्य (asya) - of all (of this, his)
(pronoun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of idam
idam - this
भूत्यै (bhūtyai) - for the prosperity (for prosperity, for welfare)
(noun)
Dative, feminine, singular of bhūti
bhūti - prosperity, existence, wealth, welfare
Nominal derivation from √bhū
Root bhū + suffix ktin
Root: √bhū (class 1)
सर्वस्य (sarvasya) - of all (of all, entire)
(adjective)
Genitive, masculine, singular of sarva
sarva - all, whole, entire, every
तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (from that, therefore)
(pronoun)
Ablative, masculine, singular of tad
tad - that, it
Note: used adverbially as 'therefore'
यज्ञे (yajñe) - in a Vedic ritual (yajña) (in Vedic ritual, in sacrifice)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of yajña
yajña - Vedic ritual, sacrifice
Root: √yaj (class 1)
वधः (vadhaḥ) - the killing (killing, slaughter, murder)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of vadh
vadh - to kill, to slay
Nominal derivation from √vadh
Root vadh + suffix ghañ
Root: √vadh (class 1)
अवधः (avadhaḥ) - not considered actual killing (not killing, not to be killed)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of a + vadh
avadha - not killing, not to be killed, inviolable
Negation of vadh
Prefix a 'not' + noun vadh
Compound type : avyayibhava (a+vadh)
- a – not
prefix - vadh – killing, slaughter
noun (masculine)
Nominal derivation from √vadh
Root vadh + suffix ghañ
Root: √vadh (class 1)