मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-5, verse-42
एष्वर्थेषु पशून हिंसन वेदतत्त्वार्थविद द्विजः ।
आत्मानं च पशुं चैव गमयत्युत्तमं गतिम ॥४२॥
आत्मानं च पशुं चैव गमयत्युत्तमं गतिम ॥४२॥
42. eṣvartheṣu paśūn hiṁsan vedatattvārthavid dvijaḥ ,
ātmānaṁ ca paśuṁ caiva gamayatyuttamaṁ gatim.
ātmānaṁ ca paśuṁ caiva gamayatyuttamaṁ gatim.
42.
eṣu artheṣu paśūn hiṃsan vedatatva arthavida dvijaḥ
| ātmānaṃ ca paśuṃ ca eva gamayati uttamam gatim
| ātmānaṃ ca paśuṃ ca eva gamayati uttamam gatim
42.
vedatatva arthavida dvijaḥ eṣu artheṣu paśūn hiṃsan
ātmānaṃ ca paśuṃ ca eva uttamam gatim gamayati
ātmānaṃ ca paśuṃ ca eva uttamam gatim gamayati
42.
In these contexts, the twice-born (dvija) who understands the truth of the Veda, by killing animals, leads himself and the animal to the highest state.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- एषु (eṣu) - In these
- अर्थेषु (artheṣu) - contexts (in meanings, in contexts, in purposes)
- पशून् (paśūn) - animals (animals, cattle)
- हिंसन् (hiṁsan) - by killing (killing, harming)
- वेदतत्व (vedatatva) - truth of the Veda
- अर्थविदः (arthavidaḥ) - who understands the truth (knower of meaning, expert)
- द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - the twice-born (dvija) (twice-born (Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya))
- आत्मानं (ātmānaṁ) - himself (self, soul)
- च (ca) - and (and, also)
- पशुं (paśuṁ) - the animal (animal, cattle)
- च (ca) - and (and, also)
- एव (eva) - also (indeed, only, thus)
- गमयति (gamayati) - leads (he causes to go, he leads)
- उत्तमम् (uttamam) - the highest (highest, best, supreme)
- गतिम् (gatim) - state (going, movement, way, state, goal)
Words meanings and morphology
एषु (eṣu) - In these
(pronoun)
Locative, masculine, plural of etad
etad - this
अर्थेषु (artheṣu) - contexts (in meanings, in contexts, in purposes)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, plural of artha
artha - purpose, aim, meaning, wealth, thing, cause
पशून् (paśūn) - animals (animals, cattle)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of paśu
paśu - animal, cattle, beast, a sacrificial victim
हिंसन् (hiṁsan) - by killing (killing, harming)
(nominal form)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of hiṃs
hiṁs - to harm, to injure, to kill
Present Participle
Root hiṃs + present participle suffix -at (declined form)
Root: hiṃs (class 1)
Note: instrumental case indicates the means by which the action is performed
वेदतत्व (vedatatva) - truth of the Veda
(noun)
Genitive, neuter, singular of vedatatva
vedatatva - the true nature or essence of the Veda
Compound of Veda 'knowledge' and tatva 'truth, reality, essence'
Compound type : tatpurusha (veda+tatva)
- veda – knowledge, the Vedas
noun (masculine)
Nominal derivation from √vid
Root vid + suffix gha
Root: vid (class 2) - tatva – truth, reality, essence, principle
noun (neuter)
Derived from tad 'that' + suffix tva
Note: Modifies 'arthavidaḥ'
अर्थविदः (arthavidaḥ) - who understands the truth (knower of meaning, expert)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of arthavid
arthavid - knower of meaning, one who understands the purpose or essence
Compound of artha 'meaning' and vid 'knower' (from √vid 'to know')
Compound type : tatpurusha (artha+vid)
- artha – meaning, purpose, wealth
noun (masculine) - vid – knower
noun (masculine)
from √vid 'to know'
Root vid + suffix kvip or ka
Root: vid (class 2)
Note: This word directly modifies 'dvijaḥ'
द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - the twice-born (dvija) (twice-born (Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya))
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of dvija
dvija - twice-born (Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya), also bird, tooth, snake
Compound of dvi 'twice' and ja 'born'
Compound type : tatpurusha (dvi+ja)
- dvi – two, twice
numeral - ja – born, produced
participle/noun (masculine)
from √jan 'to be born'
Root jan + suffix ka
Root: jan (class 4)
आत्मानं (ātmānaṁ) - himself (self, soul)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of ātman
ātman - self, soul, spirit, mind, ego
च (ca) - and (and, also)
(indeclinable)
पशुं (paśuṁ) - the animal (animal, cattle)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of paśu
paśu - animal, cattle, beast, a sacrificial victim
च (ca) - and (and, also)
(indeclinable)
एव (eva) - also (indeed, only, thus)
(indeclinable)
गमयति (gamayati) - leads (he causes to go, he leads)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of gam
Causative Present Tense
Root gam + causative suffix -aya + present tense markers
Root: gam (class 1)
उत्तमम् (uttamam) - the highest (highest, best, supreme)
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of uttama
uttama - highest, best, supreme, excellent, final
Derived from ut 'up' + tama (superlative suffix)
Note: Modifies 'gatim'
गतिम् (gatim) - state (going, movement, way, state, goal)
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of gati
gati - going, movement, pace, way, manner, state, condition, goal, salvation
Nominal derivation from √gam
Root gam + suffix ktin
Root: gam (class 1)