मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-5, verse-92
दक्षिणेन मृतं शूद्रं पुरद्वारेण निर्हरेत ।
पश्चिमौत्तरपूर्वैस्तु यथायोगं द्विजन्मनः ॥९२॥
पश्चिमौत्तरपूर्वैस्तु यथायोगं द्विजन्मनः ॥९२॥
92. dakṣiṇena mṛtaṁ śūdraṁ puradvāreṇa nirharet ,
paścimauttarapūrvaistu yathāyogaṁ dvijanmanaḥ.
paścimauttarapūrvaistu yathāyogaṁ dvijanmanaḥ.
92.
dakṣiṇena mṛtaṁ śūdraṁ puradvāreṇa nirhareta |
paścimottarapūrvaiḥ tu yathāyogaṁ dvijanmanaḥ
paścimottarapūrvaiḥ tu yathāyogaṁ dvijanmanaḥ
92.
tu śūdraṁ mṛtaṁ dakṣiṇena puradvāreṇa nirhareta
paścimottarapūrvaiḥ dvijanmanaḥ yathāyogaṁ
paścimottarapūrvaiḥ dvijanmanaḥ yathāyogaṁ
92.
A deceased śūdra should be carried out through the southern (gate). But twice-born individuals (dvijanaḥ) should be carried out through the western, northern, or eastern gates, as appropriate.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- दक्षिणेन (dakṣiṇena) - through the southern (gate) (by the south, southern)
- मृतं (mṛtaṁ) - deceased (dead, deceased)
- शूद्रं (śūdraṁ) - śūdra (śūdra (the fourth caste))
- पुरद्वारेण (puradvāreṇa) - through the city gate (by the city gate)
- निर्हरेत (nirhareta) - should be carried out (should carry out, should remove)
- पश्चिमोत्तरपूर्वैः (paścimottarapūrvaiḥ) - western, northern, and eastern
- तु (tu) - but (but, however, and)
- यथायोगं (yathāyogaṁ) - as appropriate (as appropriate, according to suitability)
- द्विजन्मनः (dvijanmanaḥ) - twice-born individuals (Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas) (twice-born ones)
Words meanings and morphology
दक्षिणेन (dakṣiṇena) - through the southern (gate) (by the south, southern)
(adjective)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of dakṣiṇa
dakṣiṇa - south, right, auspicious
Note: Used adverbially with 'puradvāreṇa' implied.
मृतं (mṛtaṁ) - deceased (dead, deceased)
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, singular of mṛ
mṛ - to die
Past Passive Participle
Root 'mṛ' (to die).
Root: mṛ (class 1)
Note: Past passive participle modifying 'śūdraṁ'.
शूद्रं (śūdraṁ) - śūdra (śūdra (the fourth caste))
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of śūdra
śūdra - a member of the fourth caste in the Hindu social system
पुरद्वारेण (puradvāreṇa) - through the city gate (by the city gate)
(noun)
Instrumental, neuter, singular of puradvāra
puradvāra - city gate
Compound of 'pura' (city) and 'dvāra' (gate).
Compound type : tatpurusha (pura+dvāra)
- pura – city, town, fortress
noun (neuter) - dvāra – door, gate, entrance
noun (neuter)
निर्हरेत (nirhareta) - should be carried out (should carry out, should remove)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, present (liṅ) of nirhṛ
Imperative
Root 'hṛ' (to carry) with prefix 'nir' (out, away).
Prefix: nir
Root: hṛ (class 1)
Note: Indicates a command or prescription.
पश्चिमोत्तरपूर्वैः (paścimottarapūrvaiḥ) - western, northern, and eastern
(adjective)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of paścimottarapūrva
paścimottarapūrva - western, northern, and eastern
A compound adjective formed from paścima (west), uttara (north), and pūrva (east).
Compound type : dvandva (paścima+uttara+pūrva)
- paścima – west, western
noun (masculine) - uttara – north, northern, subsequent, answer
noun (masculine) - pūrva – east, eastern, former
noun (masculine)
Note: Modifies 'dvijanmanaḥ' and implies 'gates'.
तु (tu) - but (but, however, and)
(indeclinable)
यथायोगं (yathāyogaṁ) - as appropriate (as appropriate, according to suitability)
(indeclinable)
Compound of 'yathā' (as) and 'yoga' (suitability, fitness, connection).
Compound type : avyayibhava (yathā+yoga)
- yathā – as, according to, like
indeclinable - yoga – suitability, fitness, connection, union, practice
noun (masculine)
From root 'yuñj' (to yoke, to join).
Root: yuñj (class 6)
द्विजन्मनः (dvijanmanaḥ) - twice-born individuals (Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas) (twice-born ones)
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of dvijana
dvijana - twice-born, a Brahmin, Kshatriya, or Vaishya
Compound of 'dvi' (two) and 'jana' (born). Refers to the three upper castes who undergo a second birth (initiation ceremony).
Compound type : tatpurusha (dvi+jana)
- dvi – two
number - jana – born, person, people
noun (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
From root 'jan' (to be born).
Root: jan (class 4)
Note: The instrumental plural 'paścimottarapūrvaiḥ' modifies the implied gates for these 'dvijanaḥ'.