मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-5, verse-139
त्रिराचामेदपः पूर्वं द्विः प्रमृज्यात ततो मुखम ।
शरीरं शौचमिच्छन हि स्त्री शूद्रस्तु सकृत सकृत ॥१३९॥
शरीरं शौचमिच्छन हि स्त्री शूद्रस्तु सकृत सकृत ॥१३९॥
139. trirācāmedapaḥ pūrvaṁ dviḥ pramṛjyāt tato mukham ,
śarīraṁ śaucamicchan hi strī śūdrastu sakṛt sakṛt.
śarīraṁ śaucamicchan hi strī śūdrastu sakṛt sakṛt.
139.
tri ācāmet apaḥ pūrvam dviḥ pramṛjyāt tato mukham
śarīram śaucam icchana hi strī śūdraḥ tu sakṛt sakṛt
śarīram śaucam icchana hi strī śūdraḥ tu sakṛt sakṛt
139.
śaucam icchana hi strī śūdraḥ tu sakṛt sakṛt tri
ācāmet apaḥ pūrvam tato dviḥ mukham pramṛjyāt śarīram
ācāmet apaḥ pūrvam tato dviḥ mukham pramṛjyāt śarīram
139.
One should sip water three times, then cleanse the face twice. One who desires bodily purity, and women and śūdras, should do so once.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- त्रि (tri) - three times
- आचामेत् (ācāmet) - should sip
- अपः (apaḥ) - water
- पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - first (first, before)
- द्विः (dviḥ) - twice
- प्रमृज्यात् (pramṛjyāt) - should cleanse (should wipe, should cleanse)
- ततो (tato) - then (then, thereafter)
- मुखम् (mukham) - face
- शरीरम् (śarīram) - body
- शौचम् (śaucam) - purity (purity, cleanliness)
- इच्छन (icchana) - one who desires (desiring, wishing)
- हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, truly, for)
- स्त्री (strī) - woman
- शूद्रः (śūdraḥ) - śūdra (śūdra, the fourth caste)
- तु (tu) - and (but, however, and)
- सकृत् (sakṛt) - once (once, one time)
- सकृत् (sakṛt) - once (once, one time)
Words meanings and morphology
त्रि (tri) - three times
(indeclinable)
आचामेत् (ācāmet) - should sip
(verb)
3rd person , active, potential mood (liṅ) of ācāmet
potential mood of 'ācāmeti' (to sip), from root 'cam' (to sip) with prefix 'ā'
Prefix: ā
Root: cam (class 1)
अपः (apaḥ) - water
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, plural of ap
ap - water
पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - first (first, before)
(adjective)
neuter, singular of pūrva
pūrva - former, previous, eastern, ancient
Note: Used adverbially to mean 'first'.
द्विः (dviḥ) - twice
(indeclinable)
प्रमृज्यात् (pramṛjyāt) - should cleanse (should wipe, should cleanse)
(verb)
3rd person , active, potential mood (liṅ) of pramṛjyāt
potential mood of 'pramṛjyate' (to wipe clean), from root 'mṛj' (to wipe, to cleanse) with prefix 'pra'
Prefix: pra
Root: mṛj (class 2)
ततो (tato) - then (then, thereafter)
(indeclinable)
derived from the pronoun 'tat' (that)
मुखम् (mukham) - face
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of mukha
mukha - face, mouth, opening, front
Note: Object of 'pramṛjyāt'.
शरीरम् (śarīram) - body
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of śarīra
śarīra - body, physical frame
Note: This word seems to be out of place grammatically or contextually in this line. It might be referring to the general cleansing of the body, but it's not directly linked to the verb 'pramṛjyāt' in the same way 'mukham' is.
शौचम् (śaucam) - purity (purity, cleanliness)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of śauca
śauca - purity, cleanliness, purification
Nominal
derived from the adjective 'śuci' (pure)
Note: Object of 'icchana'.
इच्छन (icchana) - one who desires (desiring, wishing)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of icchana
icchana - desiring, wishing
Present Participle
present participle of root 'iṣ' (to desire, wish) with prefix 'sam'
Prefix: sam
Root: iṣ (class 4)
Note: Subject of the verb 'ācāmet' and 'pramṛjyāt' when interpreted for those desiring purity. This word is used in its nominative singular masculine form.
हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, truly, for)
(indeclinable)
स्त्री (strī) - woman
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of strī
strī - woman, wife
Note: Subject of 'ācāmet' and 'pramṛjyāt' when interpreted for women.
शूद्रः (śūdraḥ) - śūdra (śūdra, the fourth caste)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of śūdra
śūdra - a member of the fourth caste, a laborer, servant
Note: Subject of 'ācāmet' and 'pramṛjyāt' when interpreted for śūdras.
तु (tu) - and (but, however, and)
(indeclinable)
सकृत् (sakṛt) - once (once, one time)
(indeclinable)
सकृत् (sakṛt) - once (once, one time)
(indeclinable)
Note: Repeated for emphasis or to apply to both actions.