मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-5, verse-20
अमत्यैतानि षड जग्ध्वा कृच्छ्रं सान्तपनं चरेत ।
यतिचान्द्रायाणं वाऽपि शेषेषूपवसेदहः ॥२०॥
यतिचान्द्रायाणं वाऽपि शेषेषूपवसेदहः ॥२०॥
20. amatyaitāni ṣaḍ jagdhvā kṛcchraṁ sāntapanaṁ caret ,
yaticāndrāyāṇaṁ vā'pi śeṣeṣūpavasedahaḥ.
yaticāndrāyāṇaṁ vā'pi śeṣeṣūpavasedahaḥ.
20.
amatyaitāni ṣaḍ jagdhvā kṛcchraṁ sāntapanaṁ
caret yaticāndrāyaṇaṁ vā api śeṣeṣūpavasedad ahaḥ
caret yaticāndrāyaṇaṁ vā api śeṣeṣūpavasedad ahaḥ
20.
amatyā etāni ṣaḍ jagdhvā kṛcchraṁ sāntapanaṁ
caret vā api yaticāndrāyaṇaṁ śeṣeṣu ahaḥ upavased
caret vā api yaticāndrāyaṇaṁ śeṣeṣu ahaḥ upavased
20.
After unknowingly eating these six items, one should perform the kṛcchra (penance) of sāntapana. Alternatively, for the remaining items, one should observe a fast for a day, or perform the yati-cāndrāyaṇa penance.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- अमत्या (amatyā) - unknowingly, without intention
- एतानि (etāni) - these
- षड् (ṣaḍ) - six
- जग्ध्वा (jagdhvā) - having eaten
- कृच्छ्रं (kṛcchraṁ) - a specific type of penance (difficulty, hardship, a specific penance)
- सान्तपनं (sāntapanaṁ) - the sāntapana penance (a specific penance (sāntapana))
- चरेत् (caret) - should perform, should do
- यतिचान्द्रायणं (yaticāndrāyaṇaṁ) - the yati-cāndrāyaṇa penance (yaticāndrāyaṇa penance)
- वा (vā) - or
- अपि (api) - also, even
- शेषेषु (śeṣeṣu) - among the remaining
- उपवसेद् (upavased) - should fast, should abstain from food
- अहः (ahaḥ) - for one day (day)
Words meanings and morphology
अमत्या (amatyā) - unknowingly, without intention
(indeclinable)
Negation of 'matya'.
एतानि (etāni) - these
(pronoun)
Nominative, neuter, plural of etad
etad - this, these (proximal demonstrative pronoun)
Note: Refers to the six items mentioned in the previous verse.
षड् (ṣaḍ) - six
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of ṣaṣ
ṣaṣ - six
Note: Refers to the six items.
जग्ध्वा (jagdhvā) - having eaten
(indeclinable)
Perfect participle (absolutive)
From the root √ghas (to eat), perfect form.
Root: ghas (class 2)
कृच्छ्रं (kṛcchraṁ) - a specific type of penance (difficulty, hardship, a specific penance)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of kṛcchra
kṛcchra - difficult, painful, a penance (kṛcchra)
सान्तपनं (sāntapanaṁ) - the sāntapana penance (a specific penance (sāntapana))
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of sāntapana
sāntapana - calming, appeasing, a specific penance (sāntapana)
Derived from root sam (to calm) + √tap (to heat, to undergo penance).
Prefix: sam
Root: tap (class 1)
चरेत् (caret) - should perform, should do
(verb)
3rd person , active, potential (vidhiliṅ) of car
Third person singular, potential mood
From the root √car (to move, to act).
Root: car (class 1)
Note: Potential mood, indicating what should be done.
यतिचान्द्रायणं (yaticāndrāyaṇaṁ) - the yati-cāndrāyaṇa penance (yaticāndrāyaṇa penance)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of yaticāndrāyaṇa
yaticāndrāyaṇa - yaticāndrāyaṇa penance (a specific lunar penance for ascetics)
Compound of yati (ascetic) and cāndrāyaṇa (a lunar penance).
Compound type : tatpurusha (yati+cāndrāyaṇa)
- yati – ascetic, mendicant, one who restrains
noun (masculine)
From the root √yam (to restrain).
Root: yam (class 1) - cāndrāyaṇa – a lunar penance, a specific expiatory rite
noun (neuter)
Derived from candra (moon).
वा (vā) - or
(indeclinable)
अपि (api) - also, even
(indeclinable)
शेषेषु (śeṣeṣu) - among the remaining
(noun)
Locative, masculine, plural of śeṣa
śeṣa - remainder, rest, remaining
Note: Refers to the items not covered by the previous penance.
उपवसेद् (upavased) - should fast, should abstain from food
(verb)
3rd person , active, potential (vidhiliṅ) of upavased
Third person singular, potential mood
From the root √vas (to dwell, to stay) with prefix upa- (near, down) and causative of √as (to be, to eat). Or from √vas (to dwell) + upa. Context implies fasting.
Prefix: upa
Root: vas (class 1)
Note: Potential mood, indicating obligation.
अहः (ahaḥ) - for one day (day)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of aha
aha - day
Note: Indicates the duration of the fast.