मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-5, verse-45
योऽहिंसकानि भूतानि हिनस्त्यात्मसुखैच्छया ।
स जीवांश्च मृतश्चैव न क्व चित सुखमेधते ॥४५॥
स जीवांश्च मृतश्चैव न क्व चित सुखमेधते ॥४५॥
45. yo'hiṁsakāni bhūtāni hinastyātmasukhaicchayā ,
sa jīvāṁśca mṛtaścaiva na kva cit sukhamedhate.
sa jīvāṁśca mṛtaścaiva na kva cit sukhamedhate.
45.
yaḥ ahiṃsakāni bhūtāni hinasti ātmasukh ai cchayā
saḥ jīvān ca mṛtaḥ ca eva na kva cit sukham edhate
saḥ jīvān ca mṛtaḥ ca eva na kva cit sukham edhate
45.
He who harms beings that do not cause harm, out of a desire for his own pleasure, that person, whether alive or dead, never attains happiness.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- यः (yaḥ) - who, he who
- अहिंसकानि (ahiṁsakāni) - non-violent, harmless
- भूतानि (bhūtāni) - beings, creatures, entities
- हिनस्ति (hinasti) - harms, kills, injures
- आत्मसुख् (ātmasukh) - self-pleasure, one's own happiness
- ऐ (ai) - desire, wish
- च्छया (cchayā) - desire, wish
- सः (saḥ) - he, that
- जीवान् (jīvān) - living beings, souls
- च (ca) - and
- मृतः (mṛtaḥ) - dead
- च (ca) - and
- एव (eva) - only, indeed, thus
- न (na) - not
- क्व (kva) - where
- चित् (cit) - in any way, at any point (point, place, part)
- सुखम् (sukham) - happiness, pleasure, ease
- एधते (edhate) - attains (grows, flourishes, attains, enjoys)
Words meanings and morphology
यः (yaḥ) - who, he who
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of yad
yad - which, who, what
Note: Refers to the person performing the action.
अहिंसकानि (ahiṁsakāni) - non-violent, harmless
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, plural of ahiṃsaka
ahiṁsaka - non-violent, harmless, not causing harm
Derived from 'ahiṃsā' (non-violence) with '-ka' suffix.
Prefix: a
Root: hiṃs (class 1)
Note: Modifies 'bhūtāni'.
भूतानि (bhūtāni) - beings, creatures, entities
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, plural of bhūta
bhūta - being, creature, element, past (as in past tense)
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root 'bhū' (to be, to exist).
Root: bhū (class 1)
हिनस्ति (hinasti) - harms, kills, injures
(verb)
3rd person , singular, parasmaipada, present (laṭ) of han
Parasmaipada
Root 'han' (to kill). Forms the present tense (laṭ).
Root: han (class 2)
Note: The subject is 'yaḥ'.
आत्मसुख् (ātmasukh) - self-pleasure, one's own happiness
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of ātmasukha
ātmasukha - self-pleasure, happiness of the self
Compound: ātman (self) + sukha (happiness, pleasure).
Compound type : tatpurusha (ātman+sukha)
- ātman – self, soul, mind
noun (masculine) - sukha – happiness, pleasure, ease, comfort
noun (neuter)
ऐ (ai) - desire, wish
(verb)
Parasmaipada
Root 'ai' (to desire).
Root: ai (class 1)
Note: Likely part of 'aichaya'.
च्छया (cchayā) - desire, wish
(noun)
Instrumental, feminine, singular of icchā
icchā - desire, wish, will
Derived from root 'iṣ' (to wish, desire).
Root: iṣ (class 1)
Note: Indicates the means or cause.
सः (saḥ) - he, that
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of tad
tad - that, it
Note: Refers to the person described by 'yaḥ'.
जीवान् (jīvān) - living beings, souls
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of jīva
jīva - living being, soul, life
Derived from root 'jīv' (to live).
Root: jīv (class 1)
Note: The object of the implied action of harming, or referred to in contrast.
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
मृतः (mṛtaḥ) - dead
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of mṛta
mṛta - dead, deceased
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root 'mṛ' (to die).
Root: mṛ (class 6)
Note: Refers to the person in their state after death.
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
एव (eva) - only, indeed, thus
(indeclinable)
न (na) - not
(indeclinable)
क्व (kva) - where
(indeclinable)
चित् (cit) - in any way, at any point (point, place, part)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of cit
cit - consciousness, perception, spot, piece, part
Note: Forms the idiom 'kvacit' (anywhere, at any time, in any way).
सुखम् (sukham) - happiness, pleasure, ease
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of sukha
sukha - happiness, pleasure, ease, comfort
Note: The object of 'edhate'.
एधते (edhate) - attains (grows, flourishes, attains, enjoys)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, atmanepada, present (laṭ) of edh
Atmanepada
Root 'edh' (to grow). Forms the present tense (laṭ).
Root: edh (class 1)
Note: The subject is 'saḥ'.