मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-5, verse-22
यज्ञार्थं ब्राह्मणैर्वध्याः प्रशस्ता मृगपक्षिणः ।
भृत्यानां चैव वृत्त्यर्थमगस्त्यो ह्याचरत पुरा ॥२२॥
भृत्यानां चैव वृत्त्यर्थमगस्त्यो ह्याचरत पुरा ॥२२॥
22. yajñārthaṁ brāhmaṇairvadhyāḥ praśastā mṛgapakṣiṇaḥ ,
bhṛtyānāṁ caiva vṛttyarthamagastyo hyācarat purā.
bhṛtyānāṁ caiva vṛttyarthamagastyo hyācarat purā.
22.
yajñārthaṃ brāhmaṇairvadhyāḥ praśastā mṛgapakṣiṇaḥ
bhṛtyānāṃ ca eva vṛttyartham agastyaḥ hi ācarat purā
bhṛtyānāṃ ca eva vṛttyartham agastyaḥ hi ācarat purā
22.
brāhmaṇaiḥ mṛgapakṣiṇaḥ yajñārthaṃ vṛttyartham
bhṛtyānāṃ ca eva praśastāḥ agastyaḥ hi purā ācarat
bhṛtyānāṃ ca eva praśastāḥ agastyaḥ hi purā ācarat
22.
For the purpose of Vedic rituals (yajña), deer and birds were considered suitable to be killed by Brahmins, and also for the livelihood of servants. Agastya indeed practiced this in ancient times.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- यज्ञार्थं (yajñārthaṁ) - for the purpose of Vedic rituals (yajña) (for the sake of sacrifice)
- ब्राह्मणैः (brāhmaṇaiḥ) - by Brahmins
- वध्याः (vadhyāḥ) - suitable to be killed (to be killed, slaughterable)
- प्रशस्ताः (praśastāḥ) - considered suitable (praised, recommended, excellent)
- मृगपक्षिणः (mṛgapakṣiṇaḥ) - deer and birds
- भृत्यानां (bhṛtyānāṁ) - of servants
- च (ca) - and
- एव (eva) - also (indeed, even, only)
- वृत्त्यर्थम् (vṛttyartham) - for the livelihood (for the sake of livelihood)
- अगस्त्यः (agastyaḥ) - Agastya
- हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely)
- आचरत् (ācarat) - practiced (behaved, practiced)
- पुरा (purā) - in ancient times (formerly, in ancient times)
Words meanings and morphology
यज्ञार्थं (yajñārthaṁ) - for the purpose of Vedic rituals (yajña) (for the sake of sacrifice)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of yajñārtha
yajñārtha - for the purpose of sacrifice, for ritualistic purposes
Compound of yajña (Vedic ritual) + artha (purpose).
Compound type : tatpurusha (yajña+artha)
- yajña – sacrifice, offering, Vedic ritual
noun (masculine)
From the root 'yaj' (to worship, sacrifice).
Root: yaj (class 1) - artha – purpose, cause, reason, meaning
noun (masculine)
Note: Indicates the purpose.
ब्राह्मणैः (brāhmaṇaiḥ) - by Brahmins
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa
brāhmaṇa - Brahmin, priest, one who knows Brahman, learned person
Derived from 'brahman' (ultimate reality, supreme spirit) or 'brahma' (Vedic knowledge).
Note: Instrumental case, indicating the agent.
वध्याः (vadhyāḥ) - suitable to be killed (to be killed, slaughterable)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of vadhya
vadhya - to be killed, punishable, mortal
Gerundive of √han (to kill)
From the root 'han' (to kill), formed as a gerundive, indicating something that ought to be or is to be killed.
Root: han (class 2)
Note: Agrees with 'mṛgapakṣiṇaḥ', functioning as a predicate adjective.
प्रशस्ताः (praśastāḥ) - considered suitable (praised, recommended, excellent)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of praśasta
praśasta - praised, commended, excellent, approved
Past Passive Participle of √śas (to command, praise) with prefix pra-
From the root 'śas' (to command, praise) prefixed with 'pra-', formed as a past passive participle.
Prefix: pra
Root: śas (class 2)
Note: Agrees with 'mṛgapakṣiṇaḥ', functioning as a predicate adjective.
मृगपक्षिणः (mṛgapakṣiṇaḥ) - deer and birds
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of mṛgapakṣin
mṛgapakṣin - deer and birds, animals and birds
Compound of mṛga (deer, animal) + pakṣin (bird).
Compound type : copulative (mṛga+pakṣin)
- mṛga – deer, animal
noun (masculine) - pakṣin – bird
noun (masculine)
Derived from 'pakṣa' (wing).
Note: Subject of the implied predicate 'praśastāḥ'.
भृत्यानां (bhṛtyānāṁ) - of servants
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of bhṛtya
bhṛtya - servant, employee, hired laborer
Past Passive Participle of √bhṛ (to bear, carry, support)
From the root 'bhṛ' (to bear, support), formed as a past passive participle, implying one who is supported or hired.
Root: bhṛ (class 9)
Note: Genitive case, indicating possession or relation.
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
एव (eva) - also (indeed, even, only)
(indeclinable)
वृत्त्यर्थम् (vṛttyartham) - for the livelihood (for the sake of livelihood)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of vṛttyartha
vṛttyartha - for the purpose of livelihood, for subsistence
Compound of vṛtti (livelihood, profession, mode of life) + artha (purpose).
Compound type : tatpurusha (vṛtti+artha)
- vṛtti – livelihood, profession, mode of existence, conduct
noun (feminine)
From the root 'vṛt' (to be, to exist, to turn).
Root: vṛt (class 1) - artha – purpose, cause, reason, meaning
noun (masculine)
Note: Indicates the purpose.
अगस्त्यः (agastyaḥ) - Agastya
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of agastya
agastya - Agastya (a sage)
Note: Subject of the verb 'ācarat'.
हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely)
(indeclinable)
आचरत् (ācarat) - practiced (behaved, practiced)
(verb)
3rd person , active, imperfect (la) of ācar
Parasmaipada, Imperfect, 3rd Person Singular
Root 'āc' (to move, to go, to act) prefixed with 'ā-', paramaipada, imperfect tense (l-aorist), 3rd person singular, indicative mood. Represents a continuous or habitual action in the past.
Prefix: ā
Root: car (class 1)
पुरा (purā) - in ancient times (formerly, in ancient times)
(indeclinable)