मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-5, verse-101
असपिण्डं द्विजं प्रेतं विप्रो निर्हृत्य बन्धुवत ।
विशुध्यति त्रिरात्रेण मातुराप्तांश्च बान्धवान ॥१०१॥
विशुध्यति त्रिरात्रेण मातुराप्तांश्च बान्धवान ॥१०१॥
101. asapiṇḍaṁ dvijaṁ pretaṁ vipro nirhṛtya bandhuvat ,
viśudhyati trirātreṇa māturāptāṁśca bāndhavān.
viśudhyati trirātreṇa māturāptāṁśca bāndhavān.
101.
asapinḍam dvijam pretam vipraḥ nir-hṛtya bandhu-vat
viśudhyati tri-rātreṇa mātuḥ āptān ca bāndhavān
viśudhyati tri-rātreṇa mātuḥ āptān ca bāndhavān
101.
vipraḥ asapinḍam dvijam pretam bandhu-vat nir-hṛtya
tri-rātreṇa mātuḥ āptān ca bāndhavān viśudhyati
tri-rātreṇa mātuḥ āptān ca bāndhavān viśudhyati
101.
When a Brahmin (vipra) carries out the funeral rites for a deceased non-relative (asapinḍa) as if for a relative (bandhu), he becomes purified in three days, as do his mother's close relatives (mātur āptāḥ) and other kinsmen (bāndhavāḥ).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- असपिन्डम् (asapinḍam) - non-relative (not a relative)
- द्विजम् (dvijam) - Brahmin (twice-born, Brahmin)
- प्रेतम् (pretam) - deceased (dead body, departed soul, ghost)
- विप्रः (vipraḥ) - Brahmin (Brahmin, learned one, sage)
- निर्-हृत्य (nir-hṛtya) - performing (funeral rites) (carrying away, performing, accomplishing)
- बन्धु-वत् (bandhu-vat) - as if for a relative (like a relative, as a relative)
- विशुध्यति (viśudhyati) - becomes purified (becomes pure, is purified)
- त्रि-रात्रेण (tri-rātreṇa) - in three days (in three nights, within three nights)
- मातुः (mātuḥ) - of the mother
- आप्तान् (āptān) - close relatives (relatives, near ones, beloved ones)
- च (ca) - and
- बान्धवान् (bāndhavān) - kinsmen (relatives, kinsmen, friends)
Words meanings and morphology
असपिन्डम् (asapinḍam) - non-relative (not a relative)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of asapinḍa
asapinḍa - not a relative, one who does not share the same funeral cake
Negated compound of sapiṇḍa (relative)
Compound type : tatpurusha (a+sapiṇḍa)
- a – not, un-
indeclinable - sapiṇḍa – one who shares the same funeral cake or body, a kinsman, relative
noun (masculine)
Compound of sa (with) + pinḍa (lump, funeral cake)
Prefix: sa
द्विजम् (dvijam) - Brahmin (twice-born, Brahmin)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of dvija
dvija - twice-born, Brahmin (also bird, snake, tooth)
Compound of dvi (two) + ja (born)
Compound type : tatpurusha (dvi+ja)
- dvi – two
numeral - ja – born, produced
indeclinable
Past Passive Participle
Root √jan (to be born) + kta suffix
Root: jan (class 4)
प्रेतम् (pretam) - deceased (dead body, departed soul, ghost)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of preta
preta - departed, dead, ghost, departed soul
Past Passive Participle
From √prā (to go, to pass) + suffix -ta. The departed soul.
Root: prā (class 1)
विप्रः (vipraḥ) - Brahmin (Brahmin, learned one, sage)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of vipra
vipra - Brahmin, wise, learned, sage
Possibly from √vip (to tremble, to be agitated, to speak ecstatically) or √vep (to move quickly, to tremble). Associated with inspired utterance.
निर्-हृत्य (nir-hṛtya) - performing (funeral rites) (carrying away, performing, accomplishing)
(indeclinable)
Gerund
Root √hṛ (to carry) with prefix nir- (out, away), in the gerund form.
Prefix: nir
Root: hṛ (class 1)
बन्धु-वत् (bandhu-vat) - as if for a relative (like a relative, as a relative)
(indeclinable)
Compound of bandhu (relative) + vat (like, as)
Compound type : avyayibhava (bandhu+vat)
- bandhu – relative, kinsman, friend
noun (masculine) - vat – like, as, as if
indeclinable
विशुध्यति (viśudhyati) - becomes purified (becomes pure, is purified)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of śudh
Causative/Intransitive
Root √śudh (to be pure) with prefix vi-, in the present tense, 3rd person singular, Atmanepada.
Prefix: vi
Root: śudh (class 4)
त्रि-रात्रेण (tri-rātreṇa) - in three days (in three nights, within three nights)
(noun)
Instrumental, neuter, singular of tri-rātra
tri-rātra - lasting for three nights, period of three nights
Compound of tri (three) + rātra (night)
Compound type : tatpurusha (tri+rātra)
- tri – three
numeral - rātra – night
noun (neuter)
मातुः (mātuḥ) - of the mother
(noun)
Genitive, feminine, singular of mātṛ
mātṛ - mother
आप्तान् (āptān) - close relatives (relatives, near ones, beloved ones)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of āpta
āpta - obtained, acquired; trusted, reliable; dear, beloved; relative
Past Passive Participle
From √āp (to obtain, to reach) + -ta suffix. Implies one who is 'obtained' or closely connected.
Prefix: ā
Root: āp (class 2)
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
बान्धवान् (bāndhavān) - kinsmen (relatives, kinsmen, friends)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of bāndhava
bāndhava - relative, kinsman, friend
Derived from bandhu (relative).