मनु-स्मृतिः manu-smṛtiḥ - chapter-5, verse-33

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नाद्यादविधिना मांसं विधिज्ञोऽनापदि द्विजः ।
जग्ध्वा ह्यविधिना मांसं प्रेतस्तैरद्यतेऽवशः ॥३३॥

33. nādyādavidhinā māṁsaṁ vidhijño'nāpadi dvijaḥ ,
jagdhvā hyavidhinā māṁsaṁ pretastairadyate'vaśaḥ.

33. na adyāt avidinā māṃsam vidhijñaḥ anāpadi dvijaḥ
jagdhvā hi avidinā māṃsam pretaḥ taiḥ adyate avaśaḥ

33. anāpadi vidhijñaḥ dvijaḥ avidinā māṃsam na adyāt hi
avidinā māṃsam jagdhvā avaśaḥ taiḥ pretaḥ adyate

33. A twice-born (dvija) who knows the rules should not eat meat without following the prescribed method, unless in times of distress. Having eaten meat improperly, one is eaten by those beings (the meat) in the next life, helpless.

Words meanings summery:

(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)

न (na) - not

अद्यात् (adyāt) - should eat

अविदिना (avidinā) - without following the prescribed method (without knowledge, improperly)

मांसम् (māṁsam) - meat (meat, flesh)

विधिज्ञः (vidhijñaḥ) - who knows the rules (knower of rules, expert in law)

अनापदि (anāpadi) - unless in times of distress (in the absence of distress, when not in danger)

द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - twice-born (dvija) (twice-born, Brahmin)

जघ्व्å (jaghvå) - Having eaten

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for)

अविदिना (avidinā) - improperly (without knowledge, improperly)

मांसम् (māṁsam) - meat (meat, flesh)

प्रेतः (pretaḥ) - departed soul (a ghost, a departed soul, a dead body)

तैः (taiḥ) - by those beings (by them)

अद्यते (adyate) - is eaten

अवशः (avaśaḥ) - helpless (helpless, powerless)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

अद्यात् (adyāt) - should eat

(verb)

3rd person , active, optative (liṅ) of ad

Present Optative of √ad

From the root ad (to eat) with the optative suffix -yā. Indicative of a prohibitory or permissive sense.

Root: ad (class 2)

अविदिना (avidinā) - without following the prescribed method (without knowledge, improperly)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of avidinā

avidinā - without knowledge, without knowing

Ablative form of 'avidin'

Derived from 'a-' (not) and 'vidin' (knowing), which itself comes from the root vid (to know). The instrumental case ending '-ā' here functions adverbially, meaning 'in a manner without knowledge'.

Prefix: a

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: The 'avidinā' here modifies 'māṃsam' indirectly, or describes the manner of eating. It means 'improperly' or 'without proper knowledge of the rules'.

मांसम् (māṁsam) - meat (meat, flesh)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of māṃsa

māṁsa - flesh, meat

विधिज्ञः (vidhijñaḥ) - who knows the rules (knower of rules, expert in law)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidhijña

vidhijña - knower of rules, expert in law, one who understands the ordinance

Compound of 'vidhi' (rule, law) and 'jña' (knower).

Compound type : tatpurusha (vidhi+jña)

vidhi – rule, law, ordinance, method, ritual procedure, destiny
noun (masculine)
Derived from the root vidh (to ordain, to appoint, to establish).
Root: vidh (class 6)
jña – knower, wise
noun (masculine)
From √jñā (to know)
Derived from the root jñā (to know) with the suffix -a.
Root: jñā (class 2)

अनापदि (anāpadi) - unless in times of distress (in the absence of distress, when not in danger)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of anāpadi

anāpadi - in the absence of distress, in a non-dangerous situation

Locative case of 'anāpad', a compound of 'a-' (not) and 'āpad' (calamity, distress).

Compound type : avyayibhava (a+āpad)

a – not (negation)
indeclinable
āpad – calamity, distress, misfortune, danger
noun (feminine)

Note: This modifies the prohibition, indicating when it does not apply.

द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - twice-born (dvija) (twice-born, Brahmin)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvija

dvija - twice-born (Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya), a bird, a tooth, a snake

Compound of 'dvi' (two) and 'ja' (born). Refers to those initiated into Vedic studies.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dvi+ja)

dvi – two
numeral (neuter)
ja – born, produced, originating
participle (masculine)
Past Passive Participle of √jan (jan)
Derived from the root jan (to be born, to produce) with the suffix -a.
Root: jan (class 4)

जघ्व्å (jaghvå) - Having eaten

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund) of √ad (ad)

This is a very rare and archaic form of the gerund of the root 'ad' (to eat). The more common form is 'ādatya' or 'giddhvā'. It signifies the completion of the action.

Root: ad (class 2)

Note: Interpreted as 'having eaten'.

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for)

(indeclinable)

अविदिना (avidinā) - improperly (without knowledge, improperly)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of avidinā

avidinā - without knowledge, without knowing

Ablative form of 'avidin'

Derived from 'a-' (not) and 'vidin' (knowing), which itself comes from the root vid (to know). The instrumental case ending '-ā' here functions adverbially, meaning 'in a manner without knowledge'.

Prefix: a

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: The 'avidinā' here modifies 'māṃsam' indirectly, or describes the manner of eating. It means 'improperly' or 'without proper knowledge of the rules'.

मांसम् (māṁsam) - meat (meat, flesh)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of māṃsa

māṁsa - flesh, meat

प्रेतः (pretaḥ) - departed soul (a ghost, a departed soul, a dead body)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of preta

preta - a departed soul, ghost, spectre, dead body

Derived from the root prā (to go) or related roots, indicating one who has departed.

तैः (taiḥ) - by those beings (by them)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of taiḥ