मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-5, verse-44
या वेदविहिता हिंसा नियताऽस्मिंश्चराचरे ।
अहिंसामेव तां विद्याद वेदाद धर्मो हि निर्बभौ ॥४४॥
अहिंसामेव तां विद्याद वेदाद धर्मो हि निर्बभौ ॥४४॥
44. yā vedavihitā hiṁsā niyatā'smiṁścarācare ,
ahiṁsāmeva tāṁ vidyād vedād dharmo hi nirbabhau.
ahiṁsāmeva tāṁ vidyād vedād dharmo hi nirbabhau.
44.
yā veda vihitā hiṃsā niyatā asmin caram acare
ahiṃsām eva tāṃ vidyāt vedāt dharmaḥ hi nirbabhaḥ
ahiṃsām eva tāṃ vidyāt vedāt dharmaḥ hi nirbabhaḥ
44.
That harm which is prescribed by the Vedas and is regulated in this moving and non-moving world, one should understand that as non-harm (ahiṃsā), for dharma (essential nature) indeed emanated from the Vedas.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- या (yā) - which, who
- वेद (veda) - Vedas, knowledge
- विहित्ă (vihită) - prescribed, ordained, established
- हिंसा (hiṁsā) - violence, injury, harm
- नियता (niyatā) - regulated, controlled, fixed, determined
- अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this
- चराचरे (carācare) - in the moving and non-moving, in the animate and inanimate
- अहिंसाम् (ahiṁsām) - non-violence, non-injury
- एव (eva) - only, indeed, thus
- तां (tāṁ) - that, her
- विद्यात् (vidyāt) - should know, one should understand
- वेदात् (vedāt) - from the Vedas
- धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - essential nature (duty, righteousness, law, innate nature)
- हि (hi) - indeed, truly, for
- निर्बभः (nirbabhaḥ) - shone forth, was manifest, emanated
Words meanings and morphology
या (yā) - which, who
(pronoun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of yad
yad - which, who, what
Note: Refers to 'hiṃsā'.
वेद (veda) - Vedas, knowledge
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of veda
veda - knowledge, the Vedas
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root 'vid' (to know).
Root: vid (class 2)
Note: Used here to mean 'by means of the Vedas' or 'prescribed by the Vedas'.
विहित्ă (vihită) - prescribed, ordained, established
(adjective)
Nominative, feminine, singular of vihiṭa
vihiṭa - prescribed, ordained, established, placed
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root 'dhā' (to place, establish) with prefix 'vi' and suffix 'ta'.
Prefix: vi
Root: dhā (class 3)
Note: Modifies 'hiṃsā'.
हिंसा (hiṁsā) - violence, injury, harm
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of hiṃsā
hiṁsā - violence, injury, harm, killing
Derived from root 'hiṃs' (to injure, kill).
Root: hiṃs (class 1)
नियता (niyatā) - regulated, controlled, fixed, determined
(adjective)
Nominative, feminine, singular of niyata
niyata - controlled, regulated, fixed, determined, restrained
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root 'yam' (to control, restrain) with prefix 'ni'.
Prefix: ni
Root: yam (class 1)
Note: Modifies 'hiṃsā'.
अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this
(pronoun)
Locative, masculine, singular of idam
idam - this
Note: Refers to the world. It agrees with 'carācare'.
चराचरे (carācare) - in the moving and non-moving, in the animate and inanimate
(noun)
Locative, neuter, singular of carācara
carācara - moving and non-moving, animate and inanimate
Compound: cara (moving) + acara (non-moving).
Compound type : dvandva (cara+acara)
- cara – moving, animate
adjective (masculine)
Active Participle
From root 'car' (to move).
Root: car (class 1) - acara – non-moving, inanimate
adjective (masculine)
Prefix 'a-' (not) + cara (moving).
Prefix: a
Root: car (class 1)
Note: Refers to the entire world.
अहिंसाम् (ahiṁsām) - non-violence, non-injury
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of ahiṃsā
ahiṁsā - non-violence, non-injury, harmlessness
Prefix 'a-' (not) + hiṃsā (violence).
Prefix: a
Root: hiṃs (class 1)
एव (eva) - only, indeed, thus
(indeclinable)
तां (tāṁ) - that, her
(pronoun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of tat
tat - that, it
Note: Refers to 'hiṃsā'.
विद्यात् (vidyāt) - should know, one should understand
(verb)
3rd person , singular, atmanepada, potential (vidhliṅ) of vid
Atmanepada
Root 'vid' (to know). Forms the potential mood (vidhling).
Root: vid (class 2)
Note: The implied subject is 'one' or 'a person'.
वेदात् (vedāt) - from the Vedas
(noun)
Ablative, masculine, singular of veda
veda - knowledge, the Vedas
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root 'vid' (to know).
Root: vid (class 2)
Note: Indicates origin or source.
धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - essential nature (duty, righteousness, law, innate nature)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma
dharma - duty, righteousness, law, merit, virtue, religion, innate quality, essential nature
Derived from root 'dhṛ' (to hold, to sustain).
Root: dhṛ (class 2)
हि (hi) - indeed, truly, for
(indeclinable)
निर्बभः (nirbabhaḥ) - shone forth, was manifest, emanated
(verb)
3rd person , singular, parasmaipada, imperfect (lṛṅ) of nirbabha
Parasmaipada
Root 'bhā' (to shine) with prefix 'nir' (out). Forms the imperfect tense (lṛṅ).
Prefix: nir
Root: bhā (class 1)
Note: Implied subject is 'dharmaḥ'.