मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-5, verse-3
स तानुवाच धर्मात्मा महर्षीन मानवो भृगुः ।
श्रूयतां येन दोषेण मृत्युर्विप्रान जिघांसति ॥३॥
श्रूयतां येन दोषेण मृत्युर्विप्रान जिघांसति ॥३॥
3. sa tānuvāca dharmātmā maharṣīn mānavo bhṛguḥ ,
śrūyatāṁ yena doṣeṇa mṛtyurviprān jighāṁsati.
śrūyatāṁ yena doṣeṇa mṛtyurviprān jighāṁsati.
3.
sa tānuvāca dharmātmā maharṣīna mānavo bhr̥guḥ
śrūyatāṃ yena doṣeṇa mr̥tyurvipro jighānsati
śrūyatāṃ yena doṣeṇa mr̥tyurvipro jighānsati
3.
That righteous one (dharmātmā), Mānavo Bhrigu, the great sage, said to them: 'Listen, for what fault does death desire to slay the Brahmins?'
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- सः (saḥ) - he
- तानुवाच (tānuvāca) - said to them
- धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - righteous one (righteous, of righteous soul, adherent to dharma)
- महर्षीन (maharṣīna) - to the great sages
- मानवो (mānavo) - Mānavo Bhrigu (referring to Bhrigu as a descendant of Manu or as a human) (Mānavo)
- भ्र्̥गुः (bhr̥guḥ) - Bhrigu
- श्रूयतां (śrūyatāṁ) - listen (let it be heard, listen)
- येन (yena) - for what fault (by which, through which, for which)
- दोषेण (doṣeṇa) - fault (by fault, by defect, by sin)
- म्र्̥त्युः (mr̥tyuḥ) - death
- विप्रो (vipro) - the Brahmins (Brahmin)
- जिघान्सति (jighānsati) - desire to slay (desires to kill, wishes to slay)
Words meanings and morphology
सः (saḥ) - he
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of sa
sa - he, that (masculine nominative singular)
तानुवाच (tānuvāca) - said to them
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of uvāca
Perfect Active Indicative
from the root √vac (to say) in the perfect tense, 3rd person singular.
Prefix: u
Root: vac (class 2)
Note: The initial 'u' is a prefixed vowel often seen with the perfect of √vac. 'taḥ' (them) is the object.
धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - righteous one (righteous, of righteous soul, adherent to dharma)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmātmā
dharmātmā - righteous, of virtuous soul, one whose soul is dharma
Compound of dharma (righteousness, duty) and ātmā (self, soul).
Compound type : karmadhāraya (dharma+ātmā)
- dharma – duty, law, righteousness, nature, virtue, religion, custom, characteristic
noun (masculine)
Derived from the root √dhr̥ (to hold, to support)
Root: dhr̥ (class 1) - ātmā – self, soul, mind, spirit, body
noun (masculine)
From the root √an 'to breathe'
Root: an (class 4)
Note: Adjective qualifying Bhrigu.
महर्षीन (maharṣīna) - to the great sages
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of maharṣi
maharṣi - great sage, eminent seer
Compound of mahā (great) and ṛṣi (sage, seer).
Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ṛṣi)
- mahā – great, large, much
adjective - ṛṣi – sage, seer, poet, hymn
noun (masculine)
Derived from the root √r̥ṣ (to move, to flow, to go) or √r̥ś (to see)
Note: The accusative plural form of 'maharṣi' acting as the direct object of 'uvāca'. The final 'n' is added due to sandhi with the previous word 'taḥ'.
मानवो (mānavo) - Mānavo Bhrigu (referring to Bhrigu as a descendant of Manu or as a human) (Mānavo)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of mānava
mānava - descendant of Manu, human, man
Derived from Manu (progenitor of mankind) with the suffix -a.
Note: Epithet for Bhrigu. The sandhi `mānavo + bhr̥guḥ`.
भ्र्̥गुः (bhr̥guḥ) - Bhrigu
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of bhr̥gu
bhr̥gu - Bhrigu (a sage, son of Brahma, patriarch of the Bhrigu dynasty)
Name of a prominent Vedic sage.
Note: Subject of the sentence.
श्रूयतां (śrūyatāṁ) - listen (let it be heard, listen)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of śru
Passive Imperative (Benindictive)
from the root √śru (to hear) in the passive voice, 3rd person singular, imperative mood (laṭ order).
Root: śru (class 1)
Note: The imperative mood is used here to make a request.
येन (yena) - for what fault (by which, through which, for which)
(pronoun)
Instrumental, neuter, singular of yad
yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)
Relative pronoun.
Note: Instrumental case, indicating the means or cause.
दोषेण (doṣeṇa) - fault (by fault, by defect, by sin)
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of doṣa
doṣa - fault, flaw, sin, error, defect, vice
From the root √dviṣ (to hate, to be hostile).
Root: dviṣ (class 2)
Note: Instrumental case, indicating the cause.
म्र्̥त्युः (mr̥tyuḥ) - death
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of mr̥tyu
mr̥tyu - death, mortality
Derived from the root √mṛ (to die, to decay).
Root: mṛ (class 6)
Note: Subject of the verb 'jighānsati'.
विप्रो (vipro) - the Brahmins (Brahmin)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of vipra
vipra - bright, intelligent, a Brahmin, a priest, learned man
Derived from the root √vi 'to move, to spread' or √vip 'to tremble, to be quick'. Often used synonymously with Brahmin.
Root: vi (class 1)
Note: Object of the verb 'jighānsati'. Sandhi: 'viprān' + 'jighānsati' -> 'viprojighānsati'
जिघान्सति (jighānsati) - desire to slay (desires to kill, wishes to slay)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of han
Desiderative Active Indicative
from the root √han (to kill) in the desiderative mood (reduplicated stem ji-ghāṃ-sa-ti).
Root: han (class 2)
Note: The desiderative mood expresses a wish or desire.