मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-5, verse-48
नाकृत्वा प्राणिनां हिंसां मांसमुत्पद्यते क्व चित ।
न च प्राणिवधः स्वर्ग्यस्तस्मान मांसं विवर्जयेत ॥४८॥
न च प्राणिवधः स्वर्ग्यस्तस्मान मांसं विवर्जयेत ॥४८॥
48. nākṛtvā prāṇināṁ hiṁsāṁ māṁsamutpadyate kva cit ,
na ca prāṇivadhaḥ svargyastasmān māṁsaṁ vivarjayet.
na ca prāṇivadhaḥ svargyastasmān māṁsaṁ vivarjayet.
48.
na akṛtvā prāṇinām hiṃsām māṃsam utpadyate kva cit
na ca prāṇivadhaḥ svargyaḥ tasmāt māṃsam vivarjayeta
na ca prāṇivadhaḥ svargyaḥ tasmāt māṃsam vivarjayeta
48.
Without causing injury to living beings, meat is not produced anywhere. Furthermore, the killing of living beings is not conducive to heavenly results; therefore, one should abstain from eating meat.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- न (na) - not
- अकृत्वा (akṛtvā) - without doing
- प्राणिनाम् (prāṇinām) - of living beings
- हिंसाम् (hiṁsām) - injury, violence
- मांसम् (māṁsam) - meat
- उत्पद्यते (utpadyate) - is produced, arises
- क्व (kva) - where, somewhere
- चित् (cit) - ever, at all
- न (na) - not
- च (ca) - and
- प्राणिवधः (prāṇivadhaḥ) - killing of living beings
- स्वर्ग्यः (svargyaḥ) - conducive to heaven, heavenly
- तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that
- मांसम् (māṁsam) - meat
- विवर्जयेत (vivarjayeta) - should abstain from, should avoid
Words meanings and morphology
न (na) - not
(indeclinable)
अकृत्वा (akṛtvā) - without doing
(indeclinable)
Absolutive
Absolutive form (gerund) of the root kṛ, with negation 'a-'. Means 'without having done'.
Prefix: a
Root: kṛ (class 8)
प्राणिनाम् (prāṇinām) - of living beings
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, plural of prāṇin
prāṇin - living being, soul, life, breath
Masculine noun derived from prāṇa (life-breath).
हिंसाम् (hiṁsām) - injury, violence
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of hiṃsā
hiṁsā - injury, violence, harm
Feminine noun derived from the root hiṃs (to harm).
Root: hiṃs (class 1)
मांसम् (māṁsam) - meat
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of māṃsa
māṁsa - meat, flesh
उत्पद्यते (utpadyate) - is produced, arises
(verb)
3rd person , passive, present (laṭ) of pad
Present Tense
Root pad from root class 1. Present tense, 3rd person singular, passive voice. With upasarga ut.
Prefix: ut
Root: pad (class 1)
क्व (kva) - where, somewhere
(indeclinable)
चित् (cit) - ever, at all
(indeclinable)
न (na) - not
(indeclinable)
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
प्राणिवधः (prāṇivadhaḥ) - killing of living beings
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of prāṇivadha
prāṇivadha - killing of living beings, slaughter of animals
Compound word: prāṇi (living being) + vadha (killing).
Compound type : tatpurusha (prāṇin+vadha)
- prāṇin – living being, soul, life, breath
noun (masculine) - vadha – killing, slaughter, death
noun (masculine)
Derived from root vadha (to kill).
Root: vadh (class 1)
स्वर्ग्यः (svargyaḥ) - conducive to heaven, heavenly
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of svargya
svargya - leading to heaven, heavenly, celestial
Derived from svarga (heaven).
तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that
(pronoun)
Ablative, masculine, singular of tad
tad - that, it
मांसम् (māṁsam) - meat
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of māṃsa
māṁsa - meat, flesh
विवर्जयेत (vivarjayeta) - should abstain from, should avoid
(verb)
3rd person , active, optative (liṅ) of vṛj
Benedictory Imperative
Root vṛj from root class 7. Benedictory imperative (vidhiliṅ), 3rd person singular. With upasargas vi and pra.
Prefixes: vi+pra
Root: vṛj (class 7)
Note: The suffix 'eta' indicates 3rd person singular, but the meaning is imperative 'should'.