मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-5, verse-43
गृहे गुरावरण्ये वा निवसन्नात्मवान द्विजः ।
नावेदविहितां हिंसामापद्यपि समाचरेत ॥४३॥
नावेदविहितां हिंसामापद्यपि समाचरेत ॥४३॥
43. gṛhe gurāvaraṇye vā nivasannātmavān dvijaḥ ,
nāvedavihitāṁ hiṁsāmāpadyapi samācaret.
nāvedavihitāṁ hiṁsāmāpadyapi samācaret.
43.
gṛhe gurāvaraṇye vā nivasanātmavān dvijaḥ
na aveda vihitāṃ hiṃsām āpady api samācaret
na aveda vihitāṃ hiṃsām āpady api samācaret
43.
Whether living at home, in the forest, or in a forest hermitage, the self-controlled twice-born (dvija) should not cause harm that is not prescribed by the Vedas, even in times of distress.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- गृहे (gṛhe) - in the house, at home
- गुरावरण्ये (gurāvaraṇye) - in a forest hermitage, in a forest dwelling
- वा (vā) - or, also
- निवसन् (nivasan) - living, dwelling
- आत्मवान् (ātmavān) - self-controlled, possessing self-knowledge, mindful
- द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - the brahmin (twice-born, brahmin, bird, snake)
- न (na) - not
- अवेद (aveda) - not according to the Vedas
- विहितां (vihitāṁ) - prescribed, ordained, established
- हिंसाम् (hiṁsām) - violence, injury, harm
- आपद्य् (āpady) - in danger, in difficulty, in misfortune
- अपि (api) - even, also, indeed
- समाचरेत् (samācaret) - should practice, should perform, should engage in
Words meanings and morphology
गृहे (gṛhe) - in the house, at home
(noun)
Locative, neuter, singular of gṛha
gṛha - house, dwelling, home
गुरावरण्ये (gurāvaraṇye) - in a forest hermitage, in a forest dwelling
(noun)
Locative, neuter, singular of gurāvaraṇa
gurāvaraṇa - forest hermitage, forest dwelling
Compound: guru (forest) + āvaraṇa (covering, shelter)
Compound type : tatpurusha (guru+āvaraṇa)
- guru – forest (in this context, often derived from 'gur' meaning 'to move' or 'place')
noun (masculine) - āvaraṇa – covering, shelter, enclosure
noun (neuter)
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root 'vṛ' (to cover) with prefix 'ā'.
Prefix: ā
Root: vṛ (class 2)
वा (vā) - or, also
(indeclinable)
निवसन् (nivasan) - living, dwelling
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of nivasa
nivasa - dwelling, residence
Derived from root 'vas' (to dwell) with prefix 'ni'.
Prefix: ni
Root: vas (class 1)
Note: Here used as a noun in the nominative case referring to the dvija.
आत्मवान् (ātmavān) - self-controlled, possessing self-knowledge, mindful
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of ātmavat
ātmavat - self-possessed, controlled by the self, mindful
Compound: ātman (self) + vat (possessing suffix).
Compound type : bahuvrihi (ātman+vat)
- ātman – self, soul, mind
noun (masculine) - vat – possessing, endowed with
indeclinable
Note: Modifies 'dvijaḥ'.
द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - the brahmin (twice-born, brahmin, bird, snake)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of dvija
dvija - twice-born (Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya), bird, tooth, snake
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root 'jan' (to be born) with prefix 'dvi' (twice) and modified to 'ja' (born).
Root: jan (class 4)
Note: Refers to a member of the three upper varnas, typically a Brahmin in this context.
न (na) - not
(indeclinable)
अवेद (aveda) - not according to the Vedas
(adjective)
Accusative, feminine, singular of aveda
aveda - non-Vedic, not according to the Vedas
Prefix 'a-' (not) + veda (Vedas).
Note: Modifies 'hiṃsām'.
विहितां (vihitāṁ) - prescribed, ordained, established
(adjective)
Accusative, feminine, singular of vihiṭa
vihiṭa - prescribed, ordained, established, placed
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root 'dhā' (to place, establish) with prefix 'vi' and suffix 'ta'.
Prefix: vi
Root: dhā (class 3)
Note: Modifies 'hiṃsām'.
हिंसाम् (hiṁsām) - violence, injury, harm
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of hiṃsā
hiṁsā - violence, injury, harm, killing
Derived from root 'hiṃs' (to injure, kill).
Root: hiṃs (class 1)
आपद्य् (āpady) - in danger, in difficulty, in misfortune
(noun)
Locative, feminine, singular of āpatti
āpatti - calamity, misfortune, difficulty, danger
Derived from root 'pad' (to fall) with prefix 'ā'.
Prefix: ā
Root: pad (class 4)
Note: Indicates a state or condition, functioning adverbially.
अपि (api) - even, also, indeed
(indeclinable)
समाचरेत् (samācaret) - should practice, should perform, should engage in
(verb)
3rd person , singular, atmanepada, potential (vidhliṅ) of samācar
Atmanepada
Root 'car' (to move, to go, to practice) with prefix 'sam' and 'ā'. Forms the potential mood (vidhling).
Prefixes: sam+ā
Root: car (class 1)
Note: The subject is 'dvijaḥ'.