महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-192, verse-98

राजोवाच ।
दीयमानं न गृह्णासि ऋणं कस्मात्त्वमद्य वै ।
यथैव तेऽभ्यनुज्ञातं तथा गृह्णीष्व माचिरम् ॥९८॥

98. rājovāca ,
dīyamānaṁ na gṛhṇāsi ṛṇaṁ kasmāttvamadya vai ,
yathaiva te'bhyanujñātaṁ tathā gṛhṇīṣva māciram.

98. rājaḥ uvāca dīyamānam na gṛhṇāsi ṛṇam kasmāt tvam adya
vai yathā eva te abhyanujñātam tathā gṛhṇīṣva mā ciram

98. rājaḥ uvāca tvam adya kasmāt vai dīyamānam ṛṇam na
gṛhṇāsi yathā eva te abhyanujñātam tathā mā ciram gṛhṇīṣva

98. The King said: 'Why do you not accept the debt (ṛṇa) that is being offered to you today? Just as it was approved for you, so accept it without delay.'

Words meanings summery:

• राजः (rājaḥ) - the king

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• दीयमानम् (dīyamānam) - being given, being offered

• न (na) - not, no

• गृह्णासि (gṛhṇāsi) - you accept, you seize

• ऋणम् (ṛṇam) - debt, obligation

• कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why? from what?

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• अद्य (adya) - today, now

• वै (vai) - indeed, truly, certainly

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as, according to

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, only

• ते (te) - to you, for you, your

• अभ्यनुज्ञातम् (abhyanujñātam) - permitted, approved, assented to

• तथा (tathā) - so, thus, in that manner

• गृह्णीष्व (gṛhṇīṣva) - you should accept

• मा (mā) - not, do not

• चिरम् (ciram) - for a long time, long

Words meanings and morphology

राजः (rājaḥ) - the king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of √vac

Perfect active 3rd singular

From √vac (class 2), perfect form

Root: √vac (class 2)

दीयमानम् (dīyamānam) - being given, being offered

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dīyamāna

√dā - to give

Present Passive Participle

From passive stem `dīyamāna-` of √dā (class 3)

Root: √dā (class 3)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

गृह्णासि (gṛhṇāsi) - you accept, you seize

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of √grah

Present active 2nd singular

From √grah (class 9), present stem `gṛhṇā-`

Root: √grah (class 9)

ऋणम् (ṛṇam) - debt, obligation

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ṛṇa

ṛṇa - debt, obligation, duty

From √ṛ 'to go, to move'

Root: √ṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of `gṛhṇāsi`.

कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why? from what?

(pronoun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - what, who, which

Note: Functions as an interrogative adverb meaning 'why'.

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of tvam

tvam - you

Note: Subject of `gṛhṇāsi`.

अद्य (adya) - today, now

(indeclinable)

From ida- + -ya

वै (vai) - indeed, truly, certainly

(indeclinable)

यथा (yathā) - as, just as, according to

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, just, only

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - to you, for you, your

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of tvam

tvam - you

Note: Can also be genitive 'your', but dative 'to you' is more fitting with `abhyanujñātam`.

अभ्यनुज्ञातम् (abhyanujñātam) - permitted, approved, assented to

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of abhyanujñāta

abhyanujñāta - permitted, assented, allowed

Past Passive Participle

From abhi-anu-√jñā 'to permit, assent'

Prefixes: abhi+anu

Root: √jñā (class 9)

तथा (tathā) - so, thus, in that manner

(indeclinable)

गृह्णीष्व (gṛhṇīṣva) - you should accept

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of √grah

Imperative middle 2nd singular

From √grah (class 9), present stem `gṛhṇā-`

Root: √grah (class 9)

मा (mā) - not, do not

(indeclinable)

Prohibitive particle used with aorist or imperative

चिरम् (ciram) - for a long time, long

(indeclinable)

Note: Accusative singular neuter, used adverbially. 'mā ciram' = 'do not delay'.