महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-192, verse-110

राजोवाच ।
धिग्राजधर्मं यस्यायं कार्यस्येह विनिश्चयः ।
इत्यर्थं मे ग्रहीतव्यं कथं तुल्यं भवेदिति ॥११०॥

110. rājovāca ,
dhigrājadharmaṁ yasyāyaṁ kāryasyeha viniścayaḥ ,
ityarthaṁ me grahītavyaṁ kathaṁ tulyaṁ bhavediti.

110. rājā uvāca dhik rājadharmam yasya ayam kāryasya iha
viniścayaḥ iti artham me grahītavyam katham tulyam bhavet iti

110. rājā uvāca yasya kāryasya ayam viniścayaḥ iha,
rājadharmam dhik! iti artham me grahītavyam katham tulyam bhavet iti

110. The King said: "Fie on the constitution (dharma) of a king, if such a decision is to be made here concerning this matter! How can what is to be accepted by me for this reason be considered equal or just?"

Words meanings summery:

• राजा (rājā) - King, ruler

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• धिक् (dhik) - fie upon!, shame on!, alas!

• राजधर्मम् (rājadharmam) - royal duty, king's constitution, principles of kingship

• यस्य (yasya) - whose, of which

• अयम् (ayam) - this

• कार्यस्य (kāryasya) - of the work, of the matter, of the action

• इह (iha) - here, in this world, in this matter

• विनिश्चयः (viniścayaḥ) - decision, conclusion, determination

• इति (iti) - thus, so

• अर्थम् (artham) - for the sake of, for the purpose of, reason

• मे (me) - by me

• ग्रहीतव्यम् (grahītavyam) - to be accepted, should be taken

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• तुल्यम् (tulyam) - equal, comparable, just

• भवेत् (bhavet) - it would be, it might be

• इति (iti) - thus, so

Words meanings and morphology

राजा (rājā) - King, ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Tense

Perfect (liṭ) 3rd person singular active form of verb 'vac'

Root: vac (class 2)

धिक् (dhik) - fie upon!, shame on!, alas!

(indeclinable)

राजधर्मम् (rājadharmam) - royal duty, king's constitution, principles of kingship

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājadharma

rājadharma - royal duty, the natural law (dharma) of a king, king's justice

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+dharma)

• rājan – king, ruler, sovereign
  noun (masculine)
• dharma – constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

यस्य (yasya) - whose, of which

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine/neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what (relative pronoun)

अयम् (ayam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

कार्यस्य (kāryasya) - of the work, of the matter, of the action

(adjective)

Genitive, neuter, singular of kārya

kārya - to be done, proper to be done, duty, business, matter

Gerundive

Gerundive (future passive participle) of verb 'kṛ' (to do, make)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

इह (iha) - here, in this world, in this matter

(indeclinable)

विनिश्चयः (viniścayaḥ) - decision, conclusion, determination

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viniścaya

viniścaya - firm determination, resolution, ascertainment

Prefixes: vi+ni

Root: ści (class 1)

इति (iti) - thus, so

(indeclinable)

अर्थम् (artham) - for the sake of, for the purpose of, reason

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - purpose, meaning, object, wealth, cause

Note: Often used adverbially in compounds or with 'iti' to denote purpose or reason.

मे (me) - by me

(pronoun)

singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Used in an instrumental sense with the gerundive 'grahītavyam' (passive construction).

ग्रहीतव्यम् (grahītavyam) - to be accepted, should be taken

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of grahītavya

grahītavya - to be taken, to be accepted, proper to be taken

Gerundive

Gerundive (future passive participle) of verb 'grah' (to take, accept)

Root: grah (class 9)

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

तुल्यम् (tulyam) - equal, comparable, just

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tulya

tulya - equal, similar, like, comparable

भवेत् (bhavet) - it would be, it might be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of bhū

Optative Mood

Optative (vidhiliṅ) 3rd person singular active form of verb 'bhū'

Root: bhū (class 1)

इति (iti) - thus, so

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks the end of direct speech.