महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-192, verse-78

ब्राह्मण उवाच ।
बाल्ये यदि स्यादज्ञानान्मया हस्तः प्रसारितः ।
निवृत्तिलक्षणं धर्ममुपासे संहितां जपन् ॥७८॥

78. brāhmaṇa uvāca ,
bālye yadi syādajñānānmayā hastaḥ prasāritaḥ ,
nivṛttilakṣaṇaṁ dharmamupāse saṁhitāṁ japan.

78. brāhmaṇaḥ uvāca bālye yadi syāt ajñānāt mayā hastaḥ
prasāritaḥ nivṛttilakṣaṇam dharmam upāse saṃhitām japan

78. brāhmaṇaḥ uvāca.
yadi bālye ajñānāt mayā hastaḥ prasāritaḥ syāt,
nivṛttilakṣaṇam dharmam saṃhitām japan upāse.

78. The Brahmin said: "If in my childhood, out of ignorance, I ever extended my hand (to receive alms), now I practice the natural law (dharma) characterized by withdrawal from worldly activities, chanting the Vedic hymns (saṃhitā)."

Words meanings summery:

• ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - Brahmin, a member of the priestly class

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• बाल्ये (bālye) - in childhood

• यदि (yadi) - if

• स्यात् (syāt) - may be, let it be, if it were

• अज्ञानात् (ajñānāt) - from ignorance, due to lack of knowledge

• मया (mayā) - by me

• हस्तः (hastaḥ) - hand

• प्रसारितः (prasāritaḥ) - stretched out, extended, spread

• निवृत्तिलक्षणम् (nivṛttilakṣaṇam) - characterized by renunciation/withdrawal

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law (dharma), duty, righteousness

• उपासे (upāse) - I worship, I practice, I attend

• संहिताम् (saṁhitām) - (the) Samhita (collection of Vedic hymns/texts)

• जपन् (japan) - chanting, muttering, repeating

Words meanings and morphology

ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - Brahmin, a member of the priestly class

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - Brahmin, relating to Brahman, member of the priestly class

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

बाल्ये (bālye) - in childhood

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of bālya

bālya - childhood, infancy, state of a child

यदि (yadi) - if

(indeclinable)

स्यात् (syāt) - may be, let it be, if it were

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (Liṅ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

अज्ञानात् (ajñānāt) - from ignorance, due to lack of knowledge

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of ajñāna

ajñāna - ignorance, nescience, lack of knowledge

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me (pronoun)

हस्तः (hastaḥ) - hand

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hasta

hasta - hand, elephant's trunk

प्रसारितः (prasāritaḥ) - stretched out, extended, spread

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prasārita

prasārita - stretched out, extended, spread, displayed

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of pra-√sṛ

Prefix: pra

Root: sṛ (class 1)

निवृत्तिलक्षणम् (nivṛttilakṣaṇam) - characterized by renunciation/withdrawal

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nivṛttilakṣaṇa

nivṛttilakṣaṇa - having the characteristic of cessation/renunciation/withdrawal

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nivṛtti+lakṣaṇa)

• nivṛtti – cessation, withdrawal, renunciation
  noun (feminine)
  From ni-√vṛt + -ti
  Prefix: ni
  Root: vṛt (class 1)
• lakṣaṇa – mark, sign, characteristic
  noun (neuter)

धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law (dharma), duty, righteousness

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - law, duty, righteousness, intrinsic nature, virtue

उपासे (upāse) - I worship, I practice, I attend

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (Laṭ) of upās

Prefix: upa

Root: ās (class 2)

संहिताम् (saṁhitām) - (the) Samhita (collection of Vedic hymns/texts)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of saṃhitā

saṁhitā - collection, compilation, especially a collection of Vedic hymns (saṃhitā)

जपन् (japan) - chanting, muttering, repeating

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of japat

japat - chanting, muttering, repeating (present active participle of √jap)

Present Active Participle

Present active participle of root jap

Root: jap (class 1)