महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-192, verse-27

धर्म उवाच ।
यदि त्वं नेच्छसि त्यक्तुं शरीरं पश्य वै द्विज ।
एष कालस्तथा मृत्युर्यमश्च त्वामुपागताः ॥२७॥

27. dharma uvāca ,
yadi tvaṁ necchasi tyaktuṁ śarīraṁ paśya vai dvija ,
eṣa kālastathā mṛtyuryamaśca tvāmupāgatāḥ.

27. dharmaḥ uvāca yadi tvam na icchasi tyaktum śarīram paśya
vai dvija eṣaḥ kālaḥ tathā mṛtyuḥ yamaḥ ca tvām upāgatāḥ

27. dharmaḥ uvāca.
dvija,
yadi tvam śarīram tyaktum na icchasi,
vai paśya.
eṣaḥ kālaḥ tathā mṛtyuḥ ca yamaḥ tvām upāgatāḥ.

27. Dharma (natural law) said: If you do not wish to abandon your body, then behold, O twice-born! Here are Time, and Death, and Yama, who have come to you.

Words meanings summery:

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - the principle of natural law (natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• यदि (yadi) - if, in case that

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• न (na) - not, no

• इच्छसि (icchasi) - you wish, you desire

• त्यक्तुम् (tyaktum) - to abandon, to give up

• शरीरम् (śarīram) - body

• पश्य (paśya) - behold, see, look

• वै (vai) - emphasis (indeed, surely, verily)

• द्विज (dvija) - O Brahmin (O twice-born, O Brahmin)

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - here is (this, he)

• कालः (kālaḥ) - Time (personified deity) (time, death)

• तथा (tathā) - and (thus, so, also, and)

• मृत्युः (mṛtyuḥ) - Death (personified deity) (death)

• यमः (yamaḥ) - Yama (the god of death and justice) (Yama (god of death), restraint)

• च (ca) - and, also

• त्वाम् (tvām) - you

• उपागताः (upāgatāḥ) - have come to you (approached, arrived)

Words meanings and morphology

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - the principle of natural law (natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, intrinsic nature

Root: dhṛ (class 3)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active

Perfect 3rd person singular active

Root: vac (class 2)

यदि (yadi) - if, in case that

(indeclinable)

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

इच्छसि (icchasi) - you wish, you desire

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of iṣ

Present Active

2nd person singular present active, from root `iṣ` (class 6, present stem `icch`)

Root: iṣ (class 6)

त्यक्तुम् (tyaktum) - to abandon, to give up

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Formed with suffix -tum

Root: tyaj (class 1)

शरीरम् (śarīram) - body

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śarīra

śarīra - body, physical frame

पश्य (paśya) - behold, see, look

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of dṛś

Imperative Active

2nd person singular imperative active, from root `dṛś` (class 1, present stem `paśya`)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

वै (vai) - emphasis (indeed, surely, verily)

(indeclinable)

द्विज (dvija) - O Brahmin (O twice-born, O Brahmin)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dvija

dvija - twice-born (Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya; also bird, tooth, snake)

Compound: dvi (two) + ja (born)

Compound type : tatpurusha (dvi+ja)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective
  Adjective from root
  Derived from root `jan` (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Addressing the Brahmin.

एषः (eṣaḥ) - here is (this, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etas

etas - this, he, she, it (proximate demonstrative)

Note: Refers to Kāla, Mṛtyu, and Yama collectively, leading to the plural participle `upāgatāḥ`.

कालः (kālaḥ) - Time (personified deity) (time, death)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, appointed time, death, black

तथा (tathā) - and (thus, so, also, and)

(indeclinable)

मृत्युः (mṛtyuḥ) - Death (personified deity) (death)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mṛtyu

mṛtyu - death, dying, the god of death

Root: mṛ (class 1)

यमः (yamaḥ) - Yama (the god of death and justice) (Yama (god of death), restraint)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yama

yama - Yama (god of death), restraint, twin

Root: yam (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

त्वाम् (tvām) - you

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Object of `upāgatāḥ`.

उपागताः (upāgatāḥ) - have come to you (approached, arrived)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of upāgam

upāgam - to approach, to come near, to arrive

Past Passive Participle

Compound verb: prefix 'upa-' + 'ā-' + root 'gam'; masculine nominative plural

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Refers to Kāla, Mṛtyu, and Yama.