महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-192, verse-124

चतुर्भिर्लक्षणैर्हीनं तथा षड्भिः सषोडशैः ।
पुरुषं समतिक्रम्य आकाशं प्रतिपद्यते ॥१२४॥

124. caturbhirlakṣaṇairhīnaṁ tathā ṣaḍbhiḥ saṣoḍaśaiḥ ,
puruṣaṁ samatikramya ākāśaṁ pratipadyate.

124. caturbhiḥ lakṣaṇaiḥ hīnam tathā ṣaḍbhiḥ saṣoḍaśaiḥ
puruṣam samatikramya ākāśam pratipadyate

124. saḥ caturbhiḥ lakṣaṇaiḥ hīnam tathā ṣaḍbhiḥ
saṣoḍaśaiḥ puruṣam samatikramya ākāśam pratipadyate

124. Having transcended the (conditioned) individual (puruṣa) which is deficient in four characteristics, and likewise (conditioned) by six and by sixteen (other principles), one attains the boundless ether (ākāśa).

Words meanings summery:

• चतुर्भिः (caturbhiḥ) - by four (characteristics) (by four)

• लक्षणैः (lakṣaṇaiḥ) - by distinguishing characteristics or attributes (by characteristics, by marks, by signs, by definitions)

• हीनम् (hīnam) - deficient in, lacking (certain characteristics) (deficient in, bereft of, devoid of, lacking)

• तथा (tathā) - and likewise, similarly (thus, so, in that manner, similarly, and)

• षड्भिः (ṣaḍbhiḥ) - by six (principles/elements) (by six)

• सषोडशैः (saṣoḍaśaiḥ) - along with sixteen (principles/elements) (with sixteen, along with sixteen)

• पुरुषम् (puruṣam) - the conditioned individual self (puruṣa) (the individual self, the supreme being, the cosmic person (puruṣa))

• समतिक्रम्य (samatikramya) - having completely transcended (having transcended, having overcome, having passed beyond)

• आकाशम् (ākāśam) - the boundless ether (ākāśa), often symbolic of Brahman or ultimate space (space, ether, the sky, the boundless (ākāśa))

• प्रतिपद्यते (pratipadyate) - attains, reaches (the boundless ether) (attains, reaches, obtains, understands, undertakes)

Words meanings and morphology

चतुर्भिः (caturbhiḥ) - by four (characteristics) (by four)

(numeral)

Note: Qualifies `lakṣaṇaiḥ`.

लक्षणैः (lakṣaṇaiḥ) - by distinguishing characteristics or attributes (by characteristics, by marks, by signs, by definitions)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of lakṣaṇa

lakṣaṇa - characteristic, mark, sign, attribute, definition

Root: lakṣ (class 10)

Note: Instrumental case with `hīnam`.

हीनम् (hīnam) - deficient in, lacking (certain characteristics) (deficient in, bereft of, devoid of, lacking)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hīna

hīna - deficient in, bereft of, devoid of, lacking, abandoned, inferior

Past Passive Participle

From root 'hā' (to abandon, forsake, leave).

Root: hā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with `puruṣam`.

तथा (tathā) - and likewise, similarly (thus, so, in that manner, similarly, and)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects `ṣaḍbhiḥ saṣoḍaśaiḥ` to the previous characteristic.

षड्भिः (ṣaḍbhiḥ) - by six (principles/elements) (by six)

(numeral)

Note: Agrees with implied characteristics.

सषोडशैः (saṣoḍaśaiḥ) - along with sixteen (principles/elements) (with sixteen, along with sixteen)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of saṣoḍaśa

saṣoḍaśa - with sixteen, along with sixteen

From 'sa' (with) + 'ṣoḍaśa' (sixteen).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+ṣoḍaśa)

• sa – with, along with, accompanied by
  indeclinable
• ṣoḍaśa – sixteen, sixteenth
  numeral (masculine)

Note: Agrees with implied characteristics.

पुरुषम् (puruṣam) - the conditioned individual self (puruṣa) (the individual self, the supreme being, the cosmic person (puruṣa))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, human being, person, individual self, cosmic person (puruṣa)

Note: Direct object of `samatikramya`.

समतिक्रम्य (samatikramya) - having completely transcended (having transcended, having overcome, having passed beyond)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root 'kram' with prefixes 'sam' and 'ati'.

Prefixes: sam+ati

Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Indicates an action completed before the main verb.

आकाशम् (ākāśam) - the boundless ether (ākāśa), often symbolic of Brahman or ultimate space (space, ether, the sky, the boundless (ākāśa))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ākāśa

ākāśa - space, ether, the sky, the boundless, the element of space (ākāśa)

From 'ā-kāś' (to shine forth, appear).

Prefix: ā

Root: kāś (class 1)

Note: Direct object of `pratipadyate`.

प्रतिपद्यते (pratipadyate) - attains, reaches (the boundless ether) (attains, reaches, obtains, understands, undertakes)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of prati-pad

Prefix: prati

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Atmanepada form.