वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-55, verse-97

तं दृष्ट्वा राक्षसश्रेष्ठं प्रदीप्तानलवर्चसं ।
विस्फारयामास तदा कार्मुकं पुरुषर्षभः ॥९७॥

97. taṃ dṛṣṭvā rākṣasaśreṣṭhaṃ pradīptānalavarcasaṃ ,
visphārayāmāsa tadā kārmukaṃ puruṣarṣabhaḥ.

97. tam dṛṣṭvā rākṣasaśreṣṭham pradīptānalavarcasam
visphārayāmāsa tadā kārmukam puruṣarṣabhaḥ

97. puruṣarṣabhaḥ tam rākṣasaśreṣṭham pradīptānalavarcasam
dṛṣṭvā tadā kārmukam visphārayāmāsa

97. Having seen that foremost demon (rākṣasa), whose brilliance was like a blazing fire, the best among men (puruṣarṣabha) then strung his bow.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - that demon (the one described previously) (him, that)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• राक्षसश्रेष्ठम् (rākṣasaśreṣṭham) - foremost of demons, best of rākṣasas

• प्रदीप्तानलवर्चसम् (pradīptānalavarcasam) - having the brilliance of a blazing fire

• विस्फारयामास (visphārayāmāsa) - he strung/drew (his bow) (he stretched, he drew taut, he caused to vibrate)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• कार्मुकम् (kārmukam) - his (Rāma's) bow (bow)

• पुरुषर्षभः (puruṣarṣabhaḥ) - Rāma, the best of men (best of men, foremost of men)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - that demon (the one described previously) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of dṛṣṭvā.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

derived from the root dṛś (to see)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

राक्षसश्रेष्ठम् (rākṣasaśreṣṭham) - foremost of demons, best of rākṣasas

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rākṣasaśreṣṭha

rākṣasaśreṣṭha - foremost of demons, best of rākṣasas

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rākṣasa+śreṣṭha)

• rākṣasa – demon, rākṣasa
  noun (masculine)
• śreṣṭha – best, chief, foremost
  adjective (masculine)
  superlative of praśasya (excellent)

Note: Adjective for 'tam'.

प्रदीप्तानलवर्चसम् (pradīptānalavarcasam) - having the brilliance of a blazing fire

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pradīptānalavarcas

pradīptānalavarcas - having the brilliance of a blazing fire

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (pradīpta+anala+varcas)

• pradīpta – blazing, glowing, ignited
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from pra-dīp (to shine forth)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: dīp (class 4)
• anala – fire, god of fire
  noun (masculine)
• varcas – brilliance, splendor, energy
  noun (neuter)

Note: Adjective for 'tam'.

विस्फारयामास (visphārayāmāsa) - he strung/drew (his bow) (he stretched, he drew taut, he caused to vibrate)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of visphāray

Perfect tense, causative (ṇic)

Periphrastic perfect formation with āmāsa from root sphur (to throb, vibrate) with vi (apart)

Prefix: vi

Root: sphur (class 6)

Note: The āmāsa is part of the perfect formation here, not a separate word.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.

कार्मुकम् (kārmukam) - his (Rāma's) bow (bow)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kārmuka

kārmuka - bow

Note: Object of visphārayāmāsa.

पुरुषर्षभः (puruṣarṣabhaḥ) - Rāma, the best of men (best of men, foremost of men)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puruṣarṣabha

puruṣarṣabha - best of men, foremost of men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (puruṣa+ṛṣabha)

• puruṣa – man, person, male
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, best
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of visphārayāmāsa.