वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-55, verse-37

तमापतन्तं संप्रेक्ष्य कुम्भकर्णः प्लवंगमम् ।
तस्थौ विवृतसर्वाङ्गो वानरेन्द्रस्य संमुखः ॥३७॥

37. tamāpatantaṃ saṃprekṣya kumbhakarṇaḥ plavaṃgamam ,
tasthau vivṛtasarvāṅgo vānarendrasya saṃmukhaḥ.

37. tam āpatantam samprekṣya kumbhakarṇaḥ plavaṅgamam
tasthau vivṛtasarvāṅgaḥ vānarendrasya saṃmukhaḥ

37. kumbhakarṇaḥ tam plavaṅgamam āpatantam samprekṣya
vivṛtasarvāṅgaḥ vānarendrasya saṃmukhaḥ tasthau

37. Upon seeing that leaping monkey (Sugriva) approaching, Kumbhakarna stood with his entire body revealed, facing the king of monkeys.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (the monkey Sugriva) (him, that)

• आपतन्तम् (āpatantam) - approaching (approaching, falling upon, rushing)

• सम्प्रेक्ष्य (samprekṣya) - upon seeing (having seen, having observed, having perceived)

• कुम्भकर्णः (kumbhakarṇaḥ) - Kumbhakarna (Kumbhakarna (a proper name))

• प्लवङ्गमम् (plavaṅgamam) - the monkey (Sugriva) (monkey, ape)

• तस्थौ (tasthau) - stood (stood, remained)

• विवृतसर्वाङ्गः (vivṛtasarvāṅgaḥ) - with his entire body revealed (with all limbs exposed, with open body, with whole body revealed)

• वानरन्द्रस्य (vānarandrasya) - of the king of monkeys (Sugriva) (of the king of monkeys, of the chief of monkeys)

• संमुखः (saṁmukhaḥ) - facing (facing, opposite, in front of)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (the monkey Sugriva) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this; he, she, it

Note: Refers to Sugriva

आपतन्तम् (āpatantam) - approaching (approaching, falling upon, rushing)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āpatat

āpatat - approaching, falling

Present Active Participle

Derived from verb ā-pat

Prefix: ā

Root: pat (class 1)

सम्प्रेक्ष्य (samprekṣya) - upon seeing (having seen, having observed, having perceived)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

From verb sam-pra-īkṣ (to look, observe)

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

कुम्भकर्णः (kumbhakarṇaḥ) - Kumbhakarna (Kumbhakarna (a proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kumbhakarṇa

kumbhakarṇa - Kumbhakarna (a proper name)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (kumbha+karṇa)

• kumbha – pot, jar
  noun (masculine)
• karṇa – ear
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of tasthau

प्लवङ्गमम् (plavaṅgamam) - the monkey (Sugriva) (monkey, ape)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of plavaṅgama

plavaṅgama - monkey, literally 'goer by leaps'

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (plavaṅga+gama)

• plavaṅga – a monkey
  noun (masculine)
• gama – going, moving
  noun
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Object of samprekṣya, refers to Sugriva

तस्थौ (tasthau) - stood (stood, remained)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of sthā

Root: sthā (class 1)

विवृतसर्वाङ्गः (vivṛtasarvāṅgaḥ) - with his entire body revealed (with all limbs exposed, with open body, with whole body revealed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vivṛtasarvāṅga

vivṛtasarvāṅga - with all limbs exposed

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vivṛta+sarvāṅga)

• vivṛta – exposed, open, revealed
  participle
  Past Passive Participle
  From vi-√vṛ (to open, uncover)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: vṛ (class 5)
• sarvāṅga – whole body, all limbs
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies Kumbhakarna

वानरन्द्रस्य (vānarandrasya) - of the king of monkeys (Sugriva) (of the king of monkeys, of the chief of monkeys)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vānararendra

vānararendra - king of monkeys

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vānara+indra)

• vānara – monkey, ape
  noun (masculine)
• indra – chief, lord, king (often as a suffix in compounds)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Possessive, refers to Sugriva

संमुखः (saṁmukhaḥ) - facing (facing, opposite, in front of)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃmukha

saṁmukha - facing, opposite

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sam+mukha)

• sam – with, together, prefix indicating completeness or intensity
  indeclinable
• mukha – face, mouth, front
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies Kumbhakarna, functions adverbially with genitive