वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-55, verse-23

तेषु वानरमुख्येषु पतितेषु महात्मसु ।
वानराणां सहस्राणि कुम्भकर्णं प्रदुद्रुवुः ॥२३॥

23. teṣu vānaramukhyeṣu patiteṣu mahātmasu ,
vānarāṇāṃ sahasrāṇi kumbhakarṇaṃ pradudruvuḥ.

23. teṣu vānarāmukhyeṣu patiteṣu mahātmasu
vānarāṇām sahasrāṇi kumbhakarṇam pradudruvuḥ

23. When those great-souled (ātman) monkey chiefs had fallen, thousands of monkeys fled from Kumbhakarṇa.

Words meanings summery:

• तेषु (teṣu) - among those (chiefs) (among those, in those)

• वानरामुख्येषु (vānarāmukhyeṣu) - among the chiefs of monkeys (among the monkey chiefs, in the monkey chiefs)

• पतितेषु (patiteṣu) - among those who had fallen (among those who have fallen, having fallen)

• महात्मसु (mahātmasu) - among the great-souled (ātman) ones (among the great-souled, in the noble ones)

• वानराणाम् (vānarāṇām) - of monkeys

• सहस्राणि (sahasrāṇi) - thousands

• कुम्भकर्णम् (kumbhakarṇam) - Kumbhakarṇa

• प्रदुद्रुवुः (pradudruvuḥ) - they fled, they ran away

Words meanings and morphology

तेषु (teṣu) - among those (chiefs) (among those, in those)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

वानरामुख्येषु (vānarāmukhyeṣu) - among the chiefs of monkeys (among the monkey chiefs, in the monkey chiefs)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of vānarāmukhya

vānarāmukhya - chief of monkeys

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vānara+mukhya)

• vānara – monkey
  noun (masculine)
• mukhya – chief, principal, foremost
  adjective (masculine)

पतितेषु (patiteṣu) - among those who had fallen (among those who have fallen, having fallen)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of patita

patita - fallen, descended, degraded

Past Passive Participle

From root 'pat' (to fall)

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Used here adjectivally to describe the chiefs.

महात्मसु (mahātmasu) - among the great-souled (ātman) ones (among the great-souled, in the noble ones)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble-minded, magnificent

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

वानराणाम् (vānarāṇām) - of monkeys

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vānara

vānara - monkey

सहस्राणि (sahasrāṇi) - thousands

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of sahasra

sahasra - thousand

कुम्भकर्णम् (kumbhakarṇam) - Kumbhakarṇa

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kumbhakarṇa

kumbhakarṇa - Kumbhakarṇa (a powerful Rākṣasa brother of Rāvaṇa)

प्रदुद्रुवुः (pradudruvuḥ) - they fled, they ran away

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of pradru

Perfect Tense

Prefix: pra

Root: dru (class 1)