वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-55, verse-90

तान्दृष्ट्वा निर्धूतान् रामो रुष्टो ऽयमिति राक्षसः ।
समुत्पपात वेगेन धनुरुत्तममाददे ॥९०॥

90. tāndṛṣṭvā nirdhūtān rāmo ruṣṭo'yamiti rākṣasaḥ ,
samutpapāta vegena dhanuruttamamādade.

90. tān dṛṣṭvā nirdhūtān rāmaḥ ruṣṭaḥ ayam iti
rākṣasaḥ samutpapāta vegena dhanuḥ uttamam ādade

90. nirdhūtān tān dṛṣṭvā rāmaḥ ayam rākṣasaḥ ruṣṭaḥ
iti vegena samutpapāta uttamam dhanuḥ ādade

90. Seeing them (the monkeys) shaken off, Rama, understanding that 'this demon is enraged,' swiftly sprang up and took his excellent bow.

Words meanings summery:

• तान् (tān) - them (masculine plural)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• निर्धूतान् (nirdhūtān) - shaken off, tossed off, expelled

• रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama (proper noun)

• रुष्टः (ruṣṭaḥ) - enraged, angry, offended

• अयम् (ayam) - this (one)

• इति (iti) - thus, so; indicating direct or indirect speech/thought

• राक्षसः (rākṣasaḥ) - demon, malevolent being

• समुत्पपात (samutpapāta) - he sprang up, flew up, rushed forth

• वेगेन (vegena) - with speed, swiftly, violently

• धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

• उत्तमम् (uttamam) - excellent, best, supreme

• आददे (ādade) - he took, he grasped

Words meanings and morphology

तान् (tān) - them (masculine plural)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the monkeys.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Absolutive (gerund) form of 'dṛś'.

निर्धूतान् (nirdhūtān) - shaken off, tossed off, expelled

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of nirdhūta

nirdhūta - shaken off, expelled, rejected, discarded

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'dhū' with upasarga 'nir'.

Prefix: nir

Root: dhū (class 5)

Note: Agrees with 'tān' (monkeys).

रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (the seventh incarnation of Vishnu, hero of the Rāmāyaṇa)

रुष्टः (ruṣṭaḥ) - enraged, angry, offended

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ruṣṭa

ruṣṭa - enraged, angry, offended

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'ruṣ'.

Root: ruṣ (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'rākṣasaḥ'.

अयम् (ayam) - this (one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one, here

Note: Agrees with 'rākṣasaḥ'.

इति (iti) - thus, so; indicating direct or indirect speech/thought

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks the reported thought or observation.

राक्षसः (rākṣasaḥ) - demon, malevolent being

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - a demon, a night-wanderer; belonging to rākṣasas

समुत्पपात (samutpapāta) - he sprang up, flew up, rushed forth

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of sam-ut-pat

Prefixes: sam+ut

Root: pat (class 1)

वेगेन (vegena) - with speed, swiftly, violently

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vega

vega - speed, velocity, force, impetuosity

Root: vij (class 6)

धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhanus

dhanus - a bow

उत्तमम् (uttamam) - excellent, best, supreme

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of uttama

uttama - highest, best, chief, excellent, supreme

Note: Agrees with 'dhanuḥ'.

आददे (ādade) - he took, he grasped

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (lit) of ā-dā

Prefix: ā

Root: dā (class 3)