वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-55, verse-81

स निरायुधमात्मानं यदा मेने महाबलः ।
मुष्टिभ्यां चारणाभ्यां च चकार कदनं महत् ॥८१॥

81. sa nirāyudhamātmānaṃ yadā mene mahābalaḥ ,
muṣṭibhyāṃ cāraṇābhyāṃ ca cakāra kadanaṃ mahat.

81. saḥ nirāyudham ātmānam yadā mene mahābalaḥ
muṣṭibhyām ca caraṇābhyām ca cakāra kadanam mahat

81. When that mighty (mahābala) one considered his (ātman) weaponless, he inflicted great destruction with his fists and also with his feet.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• निरायुधम् (nirāyudham) - weaponless, unarmed

• आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - himself, soul (ātman)

• यदा (yadā) - when

• मेने (mene) - he thought, he considered

• महाबलः (mahābalaḥ) - greatly powerful, mighty

• मुष्टिभ्याम् (muṣṭibhyām) - by two fists

• च (ca) - and

• चरणाभ्याम् (caraṇābhyām) - by two feet

• च (ca) - and, also

• चकार (cakāra) - he made, he did, he caused

• कदनम् (kadanam) - destruction, slaughter, killing

• महत् (mahat) - great, large

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

निरायुधम् (nirāyudham) - weaponless, unarmed

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nirāyudha

nirāyudha - weaponless, unarmed

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (nis+āyudha)

• nis – without, out, away
  indeclinable
• āyudha – weapon, implement
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies `ātmānam`.

आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - himself, soul (ātman)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit (ātman)

Note: Object of `mene`.

यदा (yadā) - when

(indeclinable)

मेने (mene) - he thought, he considered

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (Lit) of man

Perfect 3rd singular

Ātmanepada form.

Root: man (class 4)

महाबलः (mahābalaḥ) - greatly powerful, mighty

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahābala

mahābala - of great strength, very powerful

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (mahat+bala)

• mahat – great, large
  adjective (neuter)
• bala – strength, power
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to `saḥ`.

मुष्टिभ्याम् (muṣṭibhyām) - by two fists

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, dual of muṣṭi

muṣṭi - fist, closed hand

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects `muṣṭibhyām` and `caraṇābhyām`.

चरणाभ्याम् (caraṇābhyām) - by two feet

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, dual of caraṇa

caraṇa - foot, leg

Derived from `√car` (to move).

Root: car (class 1)

Note: In the provided Devanagari, it appears as `चारणाभ्यां` (`cāraṇābhyām`), which is a non-standard sandhi formation typically indicating `ca` (and) + `caraṇābhyām` (by feet).

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

चकार (cakāra) - he made, he did, he caused

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of kṛ

Perfect 3rd singular

Irregular perfect formation.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

कदनम् (kadanam) - destruction, slaughter, killing

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kadana

kadana - slaughter, destruction, distress

Derived from `√kad` (to suffer, to grieve, to kill).

Root: kad (class 1)

Note: Object of `cakāra`.

महत् (mahat) - great, large

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, important

Originally a present active participle from `√mah` (to be great).

Root: mah (class 1)