वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-55, verse-89

कुम्भकर्णस्तु संक्रुद्धः समारूढः प्लवंगमैः ।
व्यधूनयत्तान् वेगेन दुष्टहस्तीव हस्तिपान् ॥८९॥

89. kumbhakarṇastu saṃkruddhaḥ samārūḍhaḥ plavaṃgamaiḥ ,
vyadhūnayattān vegena duṣṭahastīva hastipān.

89. kumbhakarṇaḥ tu saṃkruddhaḥ samārūḍhaḥ plavaṅgamaiḥ
vyadhūnayat tān vegena duṣṭahastī iva hastipān

89. tu saṃkruddhaḥ plavaṅgamaiḥ samārūḍhaḥ kumbhakarṇaḥ
duṣṭahastī hastipān iva vegena tān vyadhūnayat

89. But Kumbhakarna, greatly enraged and mounted by the monkeys, violently shook them off, just like a rogue elephant shaking off its mahouts.

Words meanings summery:

• कुम्भकर्णः (kumbhakarṇaḥ) - Kumbhakarna (proper noun)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• संक्रुद्धः (saṁkruddhaḥ) - greatly enraged, furious

• समारूढः (samārūḍhaḥ) - climbed upon, mounted, ascended

• प्लवङ्गमैः (plavaṅgamaiḥ) - by the monkeys

• व्यधूनयत् (vyadhūnayat) - he shook off, he tossed

• तान् (tān) - them (masculine plural)

• वेगेन (vegena) - with speed, with force, rapidly

• दुष्टहस्ती (duṣṭahastī) - a rogue elephant, an enraged elephant

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• हस्तिपान् (hastipān) - mahouts, elephant keepers

Words meanings and morphology

कुम्भकर्णः (kumbhakarṇaḥ) - Kumbhakarna (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kumbhakarṇa

kumbhakarṇa - Kumbhakarna (a celebrated Rākṣasa, brother of Rāvaṇa)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (kumbha+karṇa)

• kumbha – a pot, pitcher, jar
  noun (masculine)
• karṇa – ear
  noun (masculine)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

संक्रुद्धः (saṁkruddhaḥ) - greatly enraged, furious

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃkruddha

saṁkruddha - greatly enraged, furious, highly incensed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'krudh' with upasarga 'sam'.

Prefix: sam

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'Kumbhakarṇaḥ'.

समारूढः (samārūḍhaḥ) - climbed upon, mounted, ascended

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samārūḍha

samārūḍha - climbed upon, mounted, ascended; risen, grown

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'ruh' with upasargas 'sam' and 'ā'.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: ruh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'Kumbhakarṇaḥ'. Implies 'having been mounted by'.

प्लवङ्गमैः (plavaṅgamaiḥ) - by the monkeys

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of plavaṅgama

plavaṅgama - a monkey, an ape (literally, 'goer by leaping')

Compound type : tatpurusha (plava+gama)

• plava – jumping, leaping; a boat, raft
  noun (masculine)
  Root: plu (class 1)
• gama – going, moving; a goer
  noun (masculine)
  Root: gam (class 1)

व्यधूनयत् (vyadhūnayat) - he shook off, he tossed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of vi-dhū

Prefix: vi

Root: dhū (class 5)

तान् (tān) - them (masculine plural)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the monkeys.

वेगेन (vegena) - with speed, with force, rapidly

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vega

vega - speed, velocity, force, impetuosity

Root: vij (class 6)

दुष्टहस्ती (duṣṭahastī) - a rogue elephant, an enraged elephant

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duṣṭahastin

duṣṭahastin - a rogue elephant, a vicious elephant

Compound type : tatpurusha (duṣṭa+hastin)

• duṣṭa – corrupted, wicked, vicious, bad
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'duṣ'.
  Root: duṣ (class 4)
• hastin – an elephant
  noun (masculine)

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

हस्तिपान् (hastipān) - mahouts, elephant keepers

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of hastipa

hastipa - an elephant keeper, mahout

Compound type : tatpurusha (hastin+pa)

• hastin – an elephant
  noun (masculine)
• pa – one who protects or keeps
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'pā' (to protect).
  Root: pā (class 2)