वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-55, verse-14

ततो विनेदुः सहसा प्रहृष्टा रक्षोगणास्तं व्यथितं समीक्ष्य ।
प्लवंगमास्तु व्यथिता भयार्ताः प्रदुद्रुवुः संयति कुम्भकर्णात् ॥१४॥

14. tato vineduḥ sahasā prahṛṣṭā rakṣogaṇāstaṃ vyathitaṃ samīkṣya ,
plavaṃgamāstu vyathitā bhayārtāḥ pradudruvuḥ saṃyati kumbhakarṇāt.

14. tataḥ vineduḥ sahasā prahṛṣṭāḥ
rakṣaḥ-gaṇāḥ tam vyathitam samīkṣya |
plavaṅgamāḥ tu vyathitāḥ bhaya-ārtāḥ
pradudruvuḥ saṃyati kumbhakarṇāt

14. tataḥ tam vyathitam samīkṣya,
prahṛṣṭāḥ rakṣo-gaṇāḥ sahasā vineduḥ.
tu vyathitāḥ bhayārtāḥ plavaṅgamāḥ saṃyati kumbhakarṇāt pradudruvuḥ.

14. Then, having seen him (Hanuman) distressed, the Rākṣasa hosts suddenly roared with great delight. But the monkeys, distressed and terrified, fled from Kumbhakarna in the battle.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, subsequently (then, from there, thereafter)

• विनेदुः (vineduḥ) - they (Rākṣasas) roared (in delight) (they roared, they shouted, they cried out)

• सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly (roared) (suddenly, immediately, violently)

• प्रहृष्टाः (prahṛṣṭāḥ) - overjoyed (Rākṣasa hosts) (delighted, overjoyed, excited)

• रक्षः-गणाः (rakṣaḥ-gaṇāḥ) - the Rākṣasa hosts (hosts of Rākṣasas, groups of demons)

• तम् (tam) - him (Hanuman) (him, that)

• व्यथितम् (vyathitam) - distressed (Hanuman) (distressed, pained, troubled)

• समीक्ष्य (samīkṣya) - having seen (Hanuman) (having seen, having observed, having perceived)

• प्लवङ्गमाः (plavaṅgamāḥ) - the monkeys (Vanaras) (monkeys, literally "those who go by jumping")

• तु (tu) - but (introduces a contrast) (but, on the other hand, indeed)

• व्यथिताः (vyathitāḥ) - distressed (the monkeys) (distressed, pained, troubled)

• भय-आर्ताः (bhaya-ārtāḥ) - terrified (the monkeys) (afflicted with fear, terrified, frightened)

• प्रदुद्रुवुः (pradudruvuḥ) - they (the monkeys) fled (they fled, they ran away)

• संयति (saṁyati) - in the battle (in battle, in conflict, in war)

• कुम्भकर्णात् (kumbhakarṇāt) - from Kumbhakarna (they fled) (from Kumbhakarna)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, subsequently (then, from there, thereafter)

(indeclinable)

Note: adverb

विनेदुः (vineduḥ) - they (Rākṣasas) roared (in delight) (they roared, they shouted, they cried out)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (Lit) of nad

Perfect (Lit) third plural active

Perfect tense, 3rd person plural, active voice of root 'nad' with prefix 'vi'

Prefix: vi

Root: nad (class 1)

Note: Perfect 3rd plural active of 'vi-nad'

सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly (roared) (suddenly, immediately, violently)

(indeclinable)

Note: adverb

प्रहृष्टाः (prahṛṣṭāḥ) - overjoyed (Rākṣasa hosts) (delighted, overjoyed, excited)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prahṛṣṭa

prahṛṣṭa - delighted, overjoyed, excited, glad

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'hṛṣ' with prefix 'pra'

Prefix: pra

Root: hṛṣ (class 4)

Note: nominative plural masculine of the past passive participle 'prahṛṣṭa'

रक्षः-गणाः (rakṣaḥ-gaṇāḥ) - the Rākṣasa hosts (hosts of Rākṣasas, groups of demons)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rakṣaḥ-gaṇa

rakṣaḥ-gaṇa - hosts of Rākṣasas, groups of demons

Compound type : tatpurusha (rakṣaḥ+gaṇa)

• rakṣaḥ – Rākṣasa, demon
  noun (neuter)
• gaṇa – host, troop, collection, group
  noun (masculine)

Note: nominative plural of 'rakṣaḥ-gaṇa'

तम् (tam) - him (Hanuman) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: accusative singular masculine of 'tad'

व्यथितम् (vyathitam) - distressed (Hanuman) (distressed, pained, troubled)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vyathita

vyathita - distressed, pained, troubled, agitated

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'vyath' (to tremble, to be distressed)

Root: vyath (class 1)

Note: accusative singular masculine of the past passive participle 'vyathita'

समीक्ष्य (samīkṣya) - having seen (Hanuman) (having seen, having observed, having perceived)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund) with prefix

Absolutive of root 'īkṣ' (to see) with prefix 'sam'

Prefix: sam

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Absolutive (gerund) formed with prefix 'sam' and root 'īkṣ'

प्लवङ्गमाः (plavaṅgamāḥ) - the monkeys (Vanaras) (monkeys, literally "those who go by jumping")

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of plavaṅgama

plavaṅgama - monkey (literally, 'one who goes by jumping')

Compound type : tatpurusha (plava+gama)

• plava – jump, leap, floating
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'plu' (to float, swim, jump)
  Root: plu (class 1)
• gama – going, moving, who goes
  adjective
  Suffix -ga after root 'gam'
  Suffix -ga added to root 'gam'
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: nominative plural of 'plavaṅgama'

तु (tu) - but (introduces a contrast) (but, on the other hand, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Note: particle, adversative conjunction

व्यथिताः (vyathitāḥ) - distressed (the monkeys) (distressed, pained, troubled)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vyathita

vyathita - distressed, pained, troubled, agitated

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'vyath' (to tremble, to be distressed)

Root: vyath (class 1)

Note: nominative plural masculine of the past passive participle 'vyathita'

भय-आर्ताः (bhaya-ārtāḥ) - terrified (the monkeys) (afflicted with fear, terrified, frightened)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhayārta

bhayārta - afflicted with fear, terrified, frightened

Compound type : tatpurusha (bhaya+ārta)

• bhaya – fear, terror, dread
  noun (neuter)
  Root: bhī (class 3)
• ārta – afflicted, pained, distressed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'ṛ' (to go) with prefix 'ā'
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ṛ (class 1)

Note: nominative plural masculine of the Tatpurusha compound 'bhayārta'

प्रदुद्रुवुः (pradudruvuḥ) - they (the monkeys) fled (they fled, they ran away)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (Lit) of dru

Perfect (Lit) third plural active

Perfect tense, 3rd person plural, active voice of root 'dru' with prefix 'pra'

Prefix: pra

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Perfect 3rd plural active of 'pra-dru'

संयति (saṁyati) - in the battle (in battle, in conflict, in war)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of saṃyati

saṁyati - battle, conflict, war

Derived from 'sam-yam' (to restrain, control)

Prefix: sam

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: locative singular of 'saṃyati'

कुम्भकर्णात् (kumbhakarṇāt) - from Kumbhakarna (they fled) (from Kumbhakarna)

(proper noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of kumbhakarṇa

kumbhakarṇa - Kumbhakarna (name of Ravana's brother)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (kumbha+karṇa)

• kumbha – pot, pitcher
  noun (masculine)
• karṇa – ear
  noun (masculine)

Note: ablative singular of 'kumbhakarṇa'