महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-326, verse-42

निर्गुणो निष्कलश्चैव निर्द्वंद्वो निष्परिग्रहः ।
एतत्त्वया न विज्ञेयं रूपवानिति दृश्यते ।
इच्छन्मुहूर्तान्नश्येयमीशोऽहं जगतो गुरुः ॥४२॥

42. nirguṇo niṣkalaścaiva nirdvaṁdvo niṣparigrahaḥ ,
etattvayā na vijñeyaṁ rūpavāniti dṛśyate ,
icchanmuhūrtānnaśyeyamīśo'haṁ jagato guruḥ.

42. nirguṇaḥ niṣkalaḥ ca eva nirdvandvaḥ
niṣparigrahaḥ etat tvayā na vijñeyam
rūpavān iti dṛśyate icchan muhūrtāt
naśyeyam īśaḥ aham jagataḥ guruḥ

42. nirguṇaḥ niṣkalaḥ ca eva nirdvandvaḥ niṣparigrahaḥ.
etat tvayā rūpavān iti dṛśyate na vijñeyam.
aham icchan muhūrtāt naśyeyam.
aham jagataḥ īśaḥ guruḥ.

42. He is without qualities, without parts, without dualities, and without possessions. You should not understand this to mean 'He appears to have form'. If I wished, I could perish in a moment; I am the lord, the preceptor (guru) of the world.

Words meanings summery:

• निर्गुणः (nirguṇaḥ) - without qualities (guṇas of prakṛti) (without qualities, attributeless)

• निष्कलः (niṣkalaḥ) - without parts (indivisible) (without parts, indivisible)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• एव (eva) - and also (emphasizing inclusion) (indeed, only, just, even)

• निर्द्वन्द्वः (nirdvandvaḥ) - free from dualities (like pleasure/pain, heat/cold) (without dualities, free from pairs of opposites)

• निष्परिग्रहः (niṣparigrahaḥ) - without possessions (having no attachments) (without possessions, unattached)

• एतत् (etat) - this (fact/statement about the speaker's nature) (this)

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you (the listener) (by you)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• विज्ञेयम् (vijñeyam) - to be known or understood (in a certain way) (to be known, knowable, understood)

• रूपवान् (rūpavān) - having a form (visible, material form) (endowed with form, beautiful)

• इति (iti) - indicating 'as' or 'that' (a specific perception) (thus, so, indicating direct speech or thought)

• दृश्यते (dṛśyate) - appears (to have form) (is seen, appears)

• इच्छन् (icchan) - wishing, desiring (by the speaker) (wishing, desiring)

• मुहूर्तात् (muhūrtāt) - in a (single) moment (in a moment, from a moment)

• नश्येयम् (naśyeyam) - I could perish (if I wished) (I might perish, I should perish)

• ईशः (īśaḥ) - the lord (supreme ruler) (lord, master)

• अहम् (aham) - I (the speaker) (I)

• जगतः (jagataḥ) - of the world (the entire universe) (of the world, of moving things)

• गुरुः (guruḥ) - the preceptor (guru) (teacher, preceptor, heavy, important)

Words meanings and morphology

निर्गुणः (nirguṇaḥ) - without qualities (guṇas of prakṛti) (without qualities, attributeless)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nirguṇa

nirguṇa - without qualities, attributeless, transcendent of guṇas (sattva, rajas, tamas)

Compound: 'nis' (without) + 'guṇa' (quality).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (nis+guṇa)

• nis – without, out, away (negative prefix)
  indeclinable
• guṇa – quality, attribute, constituent of nature; a string
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to the nature of the speaker.

निष्कलः (niṣkalaḥ) - without parts (indivisible) (without parts, indivisible)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niṣkala

niṣkala - without parts, undivided, perfect, whole

Compound: 'nis' (without) + 'kalā' (part).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (nis+kalā)

• nis – without, out, away (negative prefix)
  indeclinable
• kalā – part, portion, digit; a subtle power
  noun (feminine)

Note: Refers to the nature of the speaker.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - and also (emphasizing inclusion) (indeed, only, just, even)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

निर्द्वन्द्वः (nirdvandvaḥ) - free from dualities (like pleasure/pain, heat/cold) (without dualities, free from pairs of opposites)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nirdvandva

nirdvandva - free from dualities or pairs of opposites (e.g., pleasure and pain)

Compound: 'nir' (without) + 'dvandva' (pair, duality).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (nis+dvandva)

• nis – without, out, away (negative prefix)
  indeclinable
• dvandva – pair, couple, duality, pair of opposites
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to the nature of the speaker.

निष्परिग्रहः (niṣparigrahaḥ) - without possessions (having no attachments) (without possessions, unattached)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niṣparigraha

niṣparigraha - without possessions, unattached, independent

Compound: 'nis' (without) + 'parigraha' (possession, acquisition).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (nis+parigraha)

• nis – without, out, away (negative prefix)
  indeclinable
• parigraha – possession, property, acquisition; wife; dependents
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from 'pari' + root 'grah' (to seize, hold).
  Prefix: pari
  Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Refers to the nature of the speaker.

एतत् (etat) - this (fact/statement about the speaker's nature) (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this here (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Neuter nominative/accusative singular.

त्वया (tvayā) - by you (the listener) (by you)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular and plural, second person pronoun)

Note: Instrumental singular of 'yuṣmad'.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negative particle.

विज्ञेयम् (vijñeyam) - to be known or understood (in a certain way) (to be known, knowable, understood)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vijñeya

vijñeya - to be known, knowable, comprehensible, recognizable

Gerundive

Gerundive of root 'jñā' (to know) with prefix 'vi'.

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Neuter nominative/accusative singular, implies obligation/suitability.

रूपवान् (rūpavān) - having a form (visible, material form) (endowed with form, beautiful)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rūpavat

rūpavat - possessing form, beautiful, embodied

Derived from 'rūpa' with suffix '-vat' indicating possession.

Note: Masculine nominative singular.

इति (iti) - indicating 'as' or 'that' (a specific perception) (thus, so, indicating direct speech or thought)

(indeclinable)

Note: Quotation particle.

दृश्यते (dṛśyate) - appears (to have form) (is seen, appears)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Passive voice, 3rd person singular present tense.

इच्छन् (icchan) - wishing, desiring (by the speaker) (wishing, desiring)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of icchat

iṣ - to wish, desire, seek

Present Active Participle

Present active participle of root 'iṣ' (to wish, desire).

Root: iṣ (class 6)

Note: Present active participle, masculine nominative singular, refers to the subject 'aham'.

मुहूर्तात् (muhūrtāt) - in a (single) moment (in a moment, from a moment)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of muhūrta

muhūrta - moment, instant, a short period of time

Note: Ablative indicating time, 'from/within a moment'.

नश्येयम् (naśyeyam) - I could perish (if I wished) (I might perish, I should perish)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of naś

Root: naś (class 4)

Note: Optative active 1st person singular, expressing possibility or wish.

ईशः (īśaḥ) - the lord (supreme ruler) (lord, master)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of īśa

īśa - lord, master, ruler, god

Root: īś (class 2)

Note: Predicative nominative with 'aham'.

अहम् (aham) - I (the speaker) (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me, we, us (first person pronoun)

Note: Nominative singular of 'asmad'.

जगतः (jagataḥ) - of the world (the entire universe) (of the world, of moving things)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of jagat

jagat - world, universe, moving things; a creature

Originally a present active participle of 'gam' (to go).

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Genitive singular, dependent on 'guruḥ'.

गुरुः (guruḥ) - the preceptor (guru) (teacher, preceptor, heavy, important)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of guru

guru - teacher, preceptor, spiritual guide; heavy, important

Note: Predicative nominative with 'aham'.