महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-326, verse-21

सत्त्वं रजस्तमश्चैव न गुणास्तं भजन्ति वै ।
यश्च सर्वगतः साक्षी लोकस्यात्मेति कथ्यते ॥२१॥

21. sattvaṁ rajastamaścaiva na guṇāstaṁ bhajanti vai ,
yaśca sarvagataḥ sākṣī lokasyātmeti kathyate.

21. sattvam rajas tamas ca eva na guṇāḥ tam bhajanti vai
yaḥ ca sarvagataḥ sākṣī lokasya ātmā iti kathyate

21. The qualities (guṇas) of goodness (sattva), passion (rajas), and darkness (tamas) certainly do not cling to him. And he who is all-pervading and the witness is spoken of as the self (ātman) of the world.

Words meanings summery:

• सत्त्वम् (sattvam) - goodness (sattva) (goodness, purity, essence, existence)

• रजस् (rajas) - passion (rajas) (passion, activity, dust)

• तमस् (tamas) - darkness (tamas) (darkness, ignorance, inertia)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• एव (eva) - certainly (indeed, only, just)

• न (na) - do not (not, no)

• गुणाः (guṇāḥ) - qualities (guṇas) (qualities, attributes, constituents (of prakṛti))

• तम् (tam) - him (him (accusative))

• भजन्ति (bhajanti) - they cling to (they adhere to, they serve, they worship)

• वै (vai) - certainly (indeed, certainly)

• यः (yaḥ) - he who (who, which, that)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• सर्वगतः (sarvagataḥ) - all-pervading (all-pervading, omnipresent)

• साक्षी (sākṣī) - the witness (witness)

• लोकस्य (lokasya) - of the world (of the world, of the people)

• आत्मा (ātmā) - the self (ātman) (self, soul, spirit)

• इति (iti) - (marks direct speech/description) (thus, so, in this manner (introduces direct quote or conclusion))

• कथ्यते (kathyate) - is spoken of as (he is called, it is said)

Words meanings and morphology

सत्त्वम् (sattvam) - goodness (sattva) (goodness, purity, essence, existence)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sattva

sattva - goodness, purity, reality, essence, spirit, one of the three guṇas

Root: as (class 2)

रजस् (rajas) - passion (rajas) (passion, activity, dust)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rajas

rajas - passion, activity, dust, impurity, one of the three guṇas

तमस् (tamas) - darkness (tamas) (darkness, ignorance, inertia)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, ignorance, inertia, one of the three guṇas

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

एव (eva) - certainly (indeed, only, just)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle

न (na) - do not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle

गुणाः (guṇāḥ) - qualities (guṇas) (qualities, attributes, constituents (of prakṛti))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of guṇa

guṇa - quality, attribute, constituent (of prakṛti: sattva, rajas, tamas)

तम् (tam) - him (him (accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

भजन्ति (bhajanti) - they cling to (they adhere to, they serve, they worship)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of √bhaj

Present tense

From √bhaj (to divide, serve) in the present third person plural active voice

Root: bhaj (class 1)

वै (vai) - certainly (indeed, certainly)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle

यः (yaḥ) - he who (who, which, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, that

Relative pronoun

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

सर्वगतः (sarvagataḥ) - all-pervading (all-pervading, omnipresent)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sarvagata

sarvagata - all-pervading, omnipresent, gone everywhere

Compound from sarva (all) + gata (gone/pervaded)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarva+gata)

• sarva – all, every
  adjective
• gata – gone, reached, pervaded
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

साक्षी (sākṣī) - the witness (witness)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sākṣin

sākṣin - witness, spectator

Derived from sa-akṣa (with eyes)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+akṣa)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
  Prefix
• akṣa – eye
  noun (neuter)

लोकस्य (lokasya) - of the world (of the world, of the people)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, universe, people, folk

Root: lok (class 1)

आत्मा (ātmā) - the self (ātman) (self, soul, spirit)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, individual soul, supreme soul (brahman)

Root: an (class 2)

इति (iti) - (marks direct speech/description) (thus, so, in this manner (introduces direct quote or conclusion))

(indeclinable)

Particle

कथ्यते (kathyate) - is spoken of as (he is called, it is said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of √kath

Present tense

From √kath (to tell) in the present third person singular passive voice

Root: kath (class 10)