महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-13, verse-79

यत्रार्या रुदती भीता पाण्डवानिदमब्रवीत् ।
महद्व्यसनमापन्ना शिखिना परिवारिता ॥७९॥

79. yatrāryā rudatī bhītā pāṇḍavānidamabravīt ,
mahadvyasanamāpannā śikhinā parivāritā.

79. yatra āryā rudatī bhītā pāṇḍavān idam abravīt
mahat vyasanam āpannā śikhinā parivāritā

79. It was then that the noble lady, weeping and frightened, afflicted by great misfortune and surrounded by fire, spoke these words to the Pāṇḍavas.

Words meanings summery:

• यत्र (yatra) - where, when, in which place/case

• आर्या (āryā) - Refers to Kuntī, the mother of the Pāṇḍavas. (noble lady, respectable woman)

• रुदती (rudatī) - weeping, crying

• भीता (bhītā) - frightened, afraid

• पाण्डवान् (pāṇḍavān) - Refers to the five sons of Pāṇḍu. (the Pāṇḍavas)

• इदम् (idam) - Refers to the speech that follows in subsequent verses. (this)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - she spoke, said

• महत् (mahat) - great, immense, large

• व्यसनम् (vyasanam) - distress, misfortune, calamity

• आपन्ना (āpannā) - afflicted, fallen into, reached

• शिखिना (śikhinā) - Here referring to fire, specifically the fire of the lac house. (by fire, by the one with a topknot)

• परिवारिता (parivāritā) - surrounded, encircled, encompassed

Words meanings and morphology

यत्र (yatra) - where, when, in which place/case

(indeclinable)

आर्या (āryā) - Refers to Kuntī, the mother of the Pāṇḍavas. (noble lady, respectable woman)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of āryā

āryā - noble lady, respectable woman

Feminine form of `ārya`.

रुदती (rudatī) - weeping, crying

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of rudat

rudat - weeping, crying

Present Active Participle

From root `rud` (to weep) + `śatṛ` suffix. Feminine nominative singular.

Root: rud (class 2)

भीता (bhītā) - frightened, afraid

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bhīta

bhīta - frightened, afraid, terrified

Past Passive Participle

From root `bhī` (to fear) + `kta` suffix. Feminine nominative singular.

Root: bhī (class 3)

पाण्डवान् (pāṇḍavān) - Refers to the five sons of Pāṇḍu. (the Pāṇḍavas)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, son of Pāṇḍu

`aṇ` suffix denoting 'descendant of'.

Note: Recipient of the speech.

इदम् (idam) - Refers to the speech that follows in subsequent verses. (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, here, now

Note: Object of `abravīt`.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - she spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past (Laṅ) of brū

Imperfect (Laṅ)

From root `brū` (to speak). Imperfect 3rd person singular.

Root: brū (class 2)

महत् (mahat) - great, immense, large

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, important, mighty

व्यसनम् (vyasanam) - distress, misfortune, calamity

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vyasana

vyasana - misfortune, calamity, distress, addiction

From `vi-as` (to throw, cast down) + `ana` suffix.

Prefix: vi

Root: as (class 4)

आपन्ना (āpannā) - afflicted, fallen into, reached

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of āpanna

āpanna - afflicted, fallen into, obtained, reached, distressed

Past Passive Participle

From root `pad` (to go, fall) with prefix `ā-` + `kta` suffix. Feminine nominative singular.

Prefix: ā

Root: pad (class 4)

शिखिना (śikhinā) - Here referring to fire, specifically the fire of the lac house. (by fire, by the one with a topknot)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śikhin

śikhin - fire, peacock, one with a topknot

From `śikhā` (crest, flame) + `in` suffix.

Note: Agent of `parivāritā`.

परिवारिता (parivāritā) - surrounded, encircled, encompassed

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of parivārita

parivārita - surrounded, encompassed, attended by

Past Passive Participle

From root `vṛ` (to cover, choose) with prefix `pari-` + `kta` suffix. Feminine nominative singular.

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛ (class 9)