महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-13, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
भोजाः प्रव्रजिताञ्श्रुत्वा वृष्णयश्चान्धकैः सह ।
पाण्डवान्दुःखसंतप्तान्समाजग्मुर्महावने ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
bhojāḥ pravrajitāñśrutvā vṛṣṇayaścāndhakaiḥ saha ,
pāṇḍavānduḥkhasaṁtaptānsamājagmurmahāvane.

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca bhojāḥ pravrajitān śrutvā vṛṣṇayaḥ ca
andhakaiḥ saha pāṇḍavān duḥkhasaṃtaptān samājagmuḥ mahāvane

1. Vaisampayana said: Having heard that the Pāṇḍavas were exiled and deeply afflicted by sorrow, the Bhojas, the Vṛṣṇis, and the Andhakas together came to them in the great forest.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaisampayana (name of a sage)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• भोजाः (bhojāḥ) - the Bhojas (a Yadava clan)

• प्रव्रजितान् (pravrajitān) - exiled (referring to the Pandavas) (gone forth, exiled, wandering, ascetic)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• वृष्णयः (vṛṣṇayaḥ) - the Vrishnis (a Yadava clan)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अन्धकैः (andhakaiḥ) - the Andhakas (a Yadava clan) (by the Andhakas, with the Andhakas)

• सह (saha) - with, together with

• पाण्डवान् (pāṇḍavān) - the Pandavas (sons of Pandu)

• दुःखसंतप्तान् (duḥkhasaṁtaptān) - deeply afflicted by sorrow (distressed by sorrow, greatly afflicted, consumed by grief)

• समाजग्मुः (samājagmuḥ) - came to them (they came together, they arrived)

• महावने (mahāvane) - in the great forest

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaisampayana (name of a sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaisampayana (a sage, narrator of the Mahabharata)

Note: Speaker in the narrative.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect, 3rd person singular

Perfect tense from root vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

भोजाः (bhojāḥ) - the Bhojas (a Yadava clan)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhoja

bhoja - name of a Yadava clan, a king, a liberal person

Note: One of the subjects of 'samājagmuḥ'.

प्रव्रजितान् (pravrajitān) - exiled (referring to the Pandavas) (gone forth, exiled, wandering, ascetic)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pravrajita

pravrajita - gone forth, departed, exiled, become an ascetic

Past Passive Participle

From root vraj (to go) with upasarga pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: vraj (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'pāṇḍavān'.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

From root śru (to hear)

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Connects the hearing with the arrival.

वृष्णयः (vṛṣṇayaḥ) - the Vrishnis (a Yadava clan)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vṛṣṇi

vṛṣṇi - name of a Yadava clan, a descendant of Vṛṣṇi

Note: One of the subjects of 'samājagmuḥ'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects Vrishnis with Andhakas.

अन्धकैः (andhakaiḥ) - the Andhakas (a Yadava clan) (by the Andhakas, with the Andhakas)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of andhaka

andhaka - name of a Yadava clan, a descendant of Andhaka

Note: Used with 'saha'.

सह (saha) - with, together with

(indeclinable)

पाण्डवान् (pāṇḍavān) - the Pandavas (sons of Pandu)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pandu, the Pandavas

Note: Object of 'śrutvā' (implicitly 'were in distress').

दुःखसंतप्तान् (duḥkhasaṁtaptān) - deeply afflicted by sorrow (distressed by sorrow, greatly afflicted, consumed by grief)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of duḥkhasaṃtapta

duḥkhasaṁtapta - distressed by sorrow, greatly afflicted by pain

Compound of duḥkha (sorrow) and saṃtapta (afflicted)

Compound type : tatpurusha (duḥkha+saṃtapta)

• duḥkha – sorrow, pain, suffering
  noun (neuter)
• saṃtapta – heated, tormented, distressed, afflicted
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root tap (to heat, torment) with upasarga sam-
  Prefix: sam
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'pāṇḍavān'.

समाजग्मुः (samājagmuḥ) - came to them (they came together, they arrived)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of gam

Perfect, 3rd person plural

Perfect tense from root gam (to go) with upasargas sam-ā-

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Verb for Bhojas, Vrishnis, and Andhakas.

महावने (mahāvane) - in the great forest

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of mahāvana

mahāvana - great forest, large forest

Compound of mahā (great) and vana (forest)

Compound type : tatpurusha (mahā+vana)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective (neuter)
• vana – forest, wood, grove
  noun (neuter)

Note: Location of arrival.