महाभारतः
mahābhārataḥ
-
book-3, chapter-13, verse-49
राजर्षीणां पुण्यकृतामाहवेष्वनिवर्तिनाम् ।
सर्वधर्मोपपन्नानां त्वं गतिः पुरुषोत्तम ॥४९॥
सर्वधर्मोपपन्नानां त्वं गतिः पुरुषोत्तम ॥४९॥
49. rājarṣīṇāṁ puṇyakṛtāmāhaveṣvanivartinām ,
sarvadharmopapannānāṁ tvaṁ gatiḥ puruṣottama.
sarvadharmopapannānāṁ tvaṁ gatiḥ puruṣottama.
49.
rājarṣīṇām puṇyakṛtām āhaveṣu anivartinām
sarvadharma-upapannānām tvam gatiḥ puruṣottama
sarvadharma-upapannānām tvam gatiḥ puruṣottama
49.
O best among cosmic persons (puruṣa), you are the ultimate destination for the royal sages (rājarṣi), for those who perform meritorious deeds, who are unwavering in battles, and who are endowed with all aspects of their intrinsic nature (dharma).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- राजर्षीणाम् (rājarṣīṇām) - of the royal sages
- पुण्यकृताम् (puṇyakṛtām) - of those who perform meritorious deeds
- आहवेषु (āhaveṣu) - in battles, in conflicts
- अनिवर्तिनाम् (anivartinām) - of those who do not retreat, of the unwavering
- सर्वधर्म-उपपन्नानाम् (sarvadharma-upapannānām) - of those endowed with all aspects of (dharma)
- त्वम् (tvam) - you (nominative)
- गतिः (gatiḥ) - destination, refuge, path, movement
- पुरुषोत्तम (puruṣottama) - O best among cosmic persons (puruṣa)
Words meanings and morphology
राजर्षीणाम् (rājarṣīṇām) - of the royal sages
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, plural of rājarṣi
rājarṣi - royal sage, king who is also a sage
Compound type : karmadhāraya (rājan+ṛṣi)
- rājan – king, ruler
noun (masculine)
Root: rāj (class 1) - ṛṣi – sage, seer, inspired poet
noun (masculine)
Root: ṛṣ (class 1)
Note: Qualifies the preceding adjectives.
पुण्यकृताम् (puṇyakṛtām) - of those who perform meritorious deeds
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, plural of puṇyakṛt
puṇyakṛt - one who performs good/meritorious deeds, virtuous person
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (puṇya+kṛt)
- puṇya – merit, virtue, good deed, sacred
noun (neuter) - kṛt – maker, doer, performer
noun (masculine)
Agent noun
Derived from root `kṛ` (to do, make)
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: Qualifies `rājarṣīṇām`.
आहवेषु (āhaveṣu) - in battles, in conflicts
(noun)
Locative, masculine, plural of āhava
āhava - battle, war, conflict, challenge
From `ā` + root `hū` (to call)
Prefix: ā
Root: hū (class 3)
Note: Locative of place/time for `anivartinām`.
अनिवर्तिनाम् (anivartinām) - of those who do not retreat, of the unwavering
(adjective)
Genitive, masculine, plural of anivartin
anivartin - not retreating, unwavering, steadfast
From negative prefix `a` + `nivartin` (one who turns back)
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+nivartin)
- a – not, non-
indeclinable - nivartin – one who turns back, retreats
adjective (masculine)
Agent noun/Adjective
From `ni` + root `vṛt` + suffix `in`
Prefix: ni
Root: vṛt (class 1)
Note: Qualifies `rājarṣīṇām`.
सर्वधर्म-उपपन्नानाम् (sarvadharma-upapannānām) - of those endowed with all aspects of (dharma)
(adjective)
Genitive, masculine, plural of sarvadharma-upapanna
sarvadharma-upapanna - endowed with all virtues/duties/intrinsic nature
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sarvadharma+upapanna)
- sarva – all, every, whole
pronoun (masculine) - dharma – righteous conduct, duty, natural law, intrinsic nature, constitution (dharma)
noun (masculine)
Root: dhṛ (class 1) - upapanna – endowed with, furnished with, fit, proper
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
From `upa` + root `pad` (to go, obtain)
Prefix: upa
Root: pad (class 4)
Note: Qualifies `rājarṣīṇām`.
त्वम् (tvam) - you (nominative)
(pronoun)
Nominative, singular of yuṣmad
yuṣmad - you (pronoun)
Note: Subject of the sentence.
गतिः (gatiḥ) - destination, refuge, path, movement
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of gati
gati - going, movement, path, course, destination, refuge, means
From root `gam` (to go)
Root: gam (class 1)
Note: Predicate nominative for `tvam`.
पुरुषोत्तम (puruṣottama) - O best among cosmic persons (puruṣa)
(noun)
Vocative, masculine, singular of puruṣottama
puruṣottama - best among men/beings/cosmic persons, Supreme Being
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (puruṣa+uttama)
- puruṣa – man, person, human being, spirit, soul, the Supreme Being (puruṣa)
noun (masculine) - uttama – best, highest, supreme, excellent
adjective (masculine)
superlative suffix `tama`
Note: Directly addresses the deity.