महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-13, verse-58

गर्हये पाण्डवांस्त्वेव युधि श्रेष्ठान्महाबलान् ।
ये क्लिश्यमानां प्रेक्षन्ते धर्मपत्नीं यशस्विनीम् ॥५८॥

58. garhaye pāṇḍavāṁstveva yudhi śreṣṭhānmahābalān ,
ye kliśyamānāṁ prekṣante dharmapatnīṁ yaśasvinīm.

58. garhaye pāṇḍavān tu eva yudhi śreṣṭhān mahābalān
ye kliśyamānām prekṣante dharmapatnīm yaśasvinīm

58. I truly censure the Pāṇḍavas, who, despite being the foremost and most powerful warriors in battle, merely witness their glorious and lawful wife (dharma-patnī) being tormented.

Words meanings summery:

• गर्हये (garhaye) - I censure, I blame

• पाण्डवान् (pāṇḍavān) - the Pāṇḍavas

• तु (tu) - indeed (but, however, indeed, verily)

• एव (eva) - verily (only, just, indeed, verily)

• युधि (yudhi) - in battle (in battle, in war)

• श्रेष्ठान् (śreṣṭhān) - foremost (best, foremost, excellent)

• महाबलान् (mahābalān) - most powerful (very powerful, mighty, strong)

• ये (ye) - who (who (relative pronoun))

• क्लिश्यमानाम् (kliśyamānām) - being tormented (being tormented, being distressed)

• प्रेक्षन्ते (prekṣante) - they witness (they look on, they witness)

• धर्मपत्नीम् (dharmapatnīm) - lawful wife (lawful wife, religiously wedded wife)

• यशस्विनीम् (yaśasvinīm) - glorious (glorious, famous, illustrious)

Words meanings and morphology

गर्हये (garhaye) - I censure, I blame

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of garh

Present Active Indicative, 1st Person Singular

root garh (1st class, parasmayapada)

Root: garh (class 1)

पाण्डवान् (pāṇḍavān) - the Pāṇḍavas

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, son of Pāṇḍu

derived from Pāṇḍu

तु (tu) - indeed (but, however, indeed, verily)

(indeclinable)

particle

एव (eva) - verily (only, just, indeed, verily)

(indeclinable)

particle

युधि (yudhi) - in battle (in battle, in war)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of yudh

yudh - battle, war, fight

श्रेष्ठान् (śreṣṭhān) - foremost (best, foremost, excellent)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śreṣṭha

śreṣṭha - best, most excellent, chief, principal, foremost

superlative of praśasya/praśasta

Note: Agrees with pāṇḍavān

महाबलान् (mahābalān) - most powerful (very powerful, mighty, strong)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of mahābala

mahābala - very strong, very powerful, of great strength

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+bala)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• bala – strength, power, might, force
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with pāṇḍavān

ये (ye) - who (who (relative pronoun))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Note: Refers to pāṇḍavān but is nominative as subject of prekṣante.

क्लिश्यमानाम् (kliśyamānām) - being tormented (being tormented, being distressed)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kliśyamāna

kliśyamāna - being tormented, suffering, distressed, being afflicted

Present Middle Participle

From root kliś (4th class, ātmanepada)

Root: kliś (class 4)

Note: Agrees with dharmapatnīm and yaśasvinīm.

प्रेक्षन्ते (prekṣante) - they witness (they look on, they witness)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of prekṣ

Present Middle Indicative, 3rd Person Plural

From root īkṣ with upasarga pra. īkṣ (1st class, ātmanepada)

Prefix: pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

धर्मपत्नीम् (dharmapatnīm) - lawful wife (lawful wife, religiously wedded wife)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dharmapatnī

dharmapatnī - a lawful wife, a wife united with her husband in the performance of religious duties

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+patnī)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, custom
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ
• patnī – wife, mistress, lady
  noun (feminine)

यशस्विनीम् (yaśasvinīm) - glorious (glorious, famous, illustrious)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of yaśasvinī

yaśasvinī - glorious, famous, illustrious, renowned, distinguished

Feminine form of yaśasvin

Note: Agrees with dharmapatnīm.