मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-51, verse-94
चोदको नाम स प्रोक्तः पैशुन्यं कुरुते गृहे ।
अवधानगतश्चान्यः श्रवणस्थोऽतिदुर्मतिः ॥९४॥
अवधानगतश्चान्यः श्रवणस्थोऽतिदुर्मतिः ॥९४॥
94. codako nāma sa proktaḥ paiśunyaṃ kurute gṛhe .
avadhānagataścānyaḥ śravaṇastho'tidurmatiḥ.
avadhānagataścānyaḥ śravaṇastho'tidurmatiḥ.
94.
chodakaḥ nāma saḥ proktaḥ paiśunyam kurute gṛhe
avadhānagataḥ ca anyaḥ śravaṇasthaḥ atidurmatiḥ
avadhānagataḥ ca anyaḥ śravaṇasthaḥ atidurmatiḥ
94.
He who engages in backbiting within the home is called an instigator. Another, who is present and attentively listens to such slander, is extremely wicked.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- छोदकः (chodakaḥ) - one who instigates slander (an instigator, an informer, one who impels)
- नाम (nāma) - indeed, by name (by name, indeed, namely)
- सः (saḥ) - he (referring to the instigator) (he, that)
- प्रोक्तः (proktaḥ) - is called, is said to be (said, declared, proclaimed)
- पैशुन्यम् (paiśunyam) - slander, backbiting (backbiting, slander, malice, wickedness)
- कुरुते (kurute) - he engages in, he commits (he does, he makes, he performs)
- गृहे (gṛhe) - within the home (in the house, at home)
- अवधानगतः (avadhānagataḥ) - one who is present and attentively listens (attentive, one who has come to attention, one who is present and attentive)
- च (ca) - and (and, also)
- अन्यः (anyaḥ) - another (person) (another, other)
- श्रवणस्थः (śravaṇasthaḥ) - one who listens (to slander) (standing in hearing, listening, present for hearing)
- अतिदुर्मतिः (atidurmatiḥ) - extremely wicked (extremely evil-minded, very foolish, very wicked)
Words meanings and morphology
छोदकः (chodakaḥ) - one who instigates slander (an instigator, an informer, one who impels)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of chodaka
chodaka - an instigator, an impelling agent, a mover, a prompter, an informer
Agent noun
Derived from the root cud (to impel, to instigate) with the suffix -aka.
Root: cud (class 1)
नाम (nāma) - indeed, by name (by name, indeed, namely)
(indeclinable)
सः (saḥ) - he (referring to the instigator) (he, that)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
प्रोक्तः (proktaḥ) - is called, is said to be (said, declared, proclaimed)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of prokta
prokta - said, declared, proclaimed, spoken
Past Passive Participle
Derived from the root vac (to speak) with prefix pra, forming a past passive participle.
Prefix: pra
Root: vac (class 2)
Note: Functions here as part of a passive verbal construction meaning 'is called'.
पैशुन्यम् (paiśunyam) - slander, backbiting (backbiting, slander, malice, wickedness)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of paiśunya
paiśunya - backbiting, slander, maliciousness, wickedness
Derived from piśuna (wicked, malicious person).
कुरुते (kurute) - he engages in, he commits (he does, he makes, he performs)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of kṛ
Present Tense
3rd person singular, present tense, middle voice (ātmanepada).
Root: kṛ (class 8)
गृहे (gṛhe) - within the home (in the house, at home)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of gṛha
gṛha - house, home, dwelling
अवधानगतः (avadhānagataḥ) - one who is present and attentively listens (attentive, one who has come to attention, one who is present and attentive)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of avadhānagata
avadhānagata - having attained attention, attentive, present
Compound type : tatpurusha (avadhāna+gata)
- avadhāna – attention, care, application, concentration
noun (neuter)
Derived from ava-dhā (to pay attention).
Prefix: ava
Root: dhā (class 3) - gata – gone, arrived, obtained
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
Derived from the root gam (to go).
Root: gam (class 1)
Note: Used as an adjective describing 'anyaḥ'.
च (ca) - and (and, also)
(indeclinable)
अन्यः (anyaḥ) - another (person) (another, other)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of anya
anya - other, another, different
श्रवणस्थः (śravaṇasthaḥ) - one who listens (to slander) (standing in hearing, listening, present for hearing)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of śravaṇastha
śravaṇastha - standing in hearing, listening, being present at a hearing
Compound type : tatpurusha (śravaṇa+stha)
- śravaṇa – hearing, listening, ear
noun (neuter)
Derived from śru (to hear).
Root: śru (class 5) - stha – standing, situated, being in
adjective (masculine)
Kṛt suffix
Derived from the root sthā (to stand).
Root: sthā (class 1)
Note: Used as an adjective describing 'anyaḥ'.
अतिदुर्मतिः (atidurmatiḥ) - extremely wicked (extremely evil-minded, very foolish, very wicked)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of atidurmati
atidurmati - extremely evil-minded, very foolish, very wicked
Compound type : bahuvrihi (ati+durmati)
- ati – very, exceedingly, beyond
indeclinable
Prefix indicating excess. - durmati – evil-minded, foolish, wicked thought
noun (masculine)
Derived from dur (bad) + mati (mind, thought).
Prefix: dur