मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-51, verse-80
रुदमानां निशीथेऽथ आविशेत्तामसौ स्त्रियम् ।
शस्यहन्तुस्तथैवैकः क्षुद्रको नाम नामतः ॥८०॥
शस्यहन्तुस्तथैवैकः क्षुद्रको नाम नामतः ॥८०॥
80. rudamānāṃ niśīthe'tha āviśettāmasau striyam .
śasyahantustathaivaikaḥ kṣudrako nāma nāmataḥ.
śasyahantustathaivaikaḥ kṣudrako nāma nāmataḥ.
80.
rudamānām niśīthe atha āviśet tāmasaḥ striyam |
śasyahantuḥ tathā eva ekaḥ kṣudrakaḥ nāma nāmataḥ
śasyahantuḥ tathā eva ekaḥ kṣudrakaḥ nāma nāmataḥ
80.
Then, the tāmasa (spirit) enters that woman who is crying in the middle of the night. Similarly, there is one [spirit] called Kṣudraka by name, who is a destroyer of crops.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- रुदमानाम् (rudamānām) - crying, weeping
- निशीथे (niśīthe) - in the middle of the night
- अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now
- आविशेत् (āviśet) - enters (may enter, he/it enters)
- तामसः (tāmasaḥ) - the tāmasa (spirit) (a being associated with tamas (ignorance/darkness), a tāmasa spirit)
- स्त्रियम् (striyam) - woman, female
- शस्यहन्तुः (śasyahantuḥ) - a destroyer of crops (killer/destroyer of crops)
- तथा (tathā) - similarly (thus, so, in that manner)
- एव (eva) - just so (indeed, only, just)
- एकः (ekaḥ) - one [spirit] (one, a certain one)
- क्षुद्रकः (kṣudrakaḥ) - Kṣudraka (proper name of a spirit) (Kṣudraka (a proper name); small, insignificant)
- नाम (nāma) - by name (by name, indeed, namely)
- नामतः (nāmataḥ) - by name, in name
Words meanings and morphology
रुदमानाम् (rudamānām) - crying, weeping
(adjective)
Accusative, feminine, singular of rudamānā
rudamānā - crying, weeping
Present Active Participle (Ātmanepada)
Derived from root RUD (रुद्, 'to cry, weep'), 2nd class, Ātmanepada form of participle.
Root: rud (class 2)
निशीथे (niśīthe) - in the middle of the night
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of niśītha
niśītha - midnight, middle of the night
अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now
(indeclinable)
आविशेत् (āviśet) - enters (may enter, he/it enters)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of āviś
Optative mood, 3rd person singular
From root VIŚ (विश्, 'to enter') with prefix Ā (आ).
Prefix: ā
Root: viś (class 6)
Note: The optative can sometimes express a strong assertion or a certainty in prescriptive texts.
तामसः (tāmasaḥ) - the tāmasa (spirit) (a being associated with tamas (ignorance/darkness), a tāmasa spirit)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of tāmasa
tāmasa - relating to tamas; dark, ignorant, sluggish; a being of tamas
Derived from tamas (darkness, ignorance, one of the three guṇas).
स्त्रियम् (striyam) - woman, female
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of strī
strī - woman, female
Note: Object of āviśet.
शस्यहन्तुः (śasyahantuḥ) - a destroyer of crops (killer/destroyer of crops)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of śasyahantṛ
śasyahantṛ - a destroyer of crops/grain
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śasya+hantṛ)
- śasya – grain, crop, corn
noun (neuter) - hantṛ – killer, slayer, destroyer
noun (masculine)
Agent noun from root HAN (हन्, 'to strike, kill').
Root: han (class 2)
तथा (tathā) - similarly (thus, so, in that manner)
(indeclinable)
एव (eva) - just so (indeed, only, just)
(indeclinable)
एकः (ekaḥ) - one [spirit] (one, a certain one)
(numeral)
क्षुद्रकः (kṣudrakaḥ) - Kṣudraka (proper name of a spirit) (Kṣudraka (a proper name); small, insignificant)
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣudraka
kṣudraka - a proper name; small, insignificant, mean
नाम (nāma) - by name (by name, indeed, namely)
(indeclinable)
नामतः (nāmataḥ) - by name, in name
(indeclinable)
Derived from nāman (name) with the suffix -tas.
Note: Redundant with `nāma` for emphasis.