महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-165, verse-98

कृप उवाच ।
वयं द्रोणं पुरस्कृत्य पृथिव्यां प्रवरं रथम् ।
प्रावर्तयाम संग्रामं पाञ्चालैरेव केवलैः ॥९८॥

98. kṛpa uvāca ,
vayaṁ droṇaṁ puraskṛtya pṛthivyāṁ pravaraṁ ratham ,
prāvartayāma saṁgrāmaṁ pāñcālaireva kevalaiḥ.

98. kṛpaḥ uvāca vayam droṇam puraskṛtya pṛthivyām pravaram
ratham prāvartayāma saṃgrāmam pāñcālaiḥ eva kevalaiḥ

98. kṛpaḥ uvāca vayam pṛthivyām pravaram ratham droṇam
puraskṛtya kevalaiḥ pāñcālaiḥ eva saṃgrāmam prāvartayāma

98. Kṛpa said: 'We waged war, with Drona — the foremost charioteer on earth — at our head, exclusively against the Pañcālas.'

Words meanings summery:

• कृपः (kṛpaḥ) - Kṛpācārya (Kṛpa)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• वयम् (vayam) - we

• द्रोणम् (droṇam) - Drona

• पुरस्कृत्य (puraskṛtya) - having placed in front, having honored, having made the leader

• पृथिव्याम् (pṛthivyām) - on earth, in the world

• प्रवरम् (pravaram) - excellent, chief, foremost

• रथम् (ratham) - foremost charioteer (referring to Drona) (charioteer, warrior on a chariot)

• प्रावर्तयाम (prāvartayāma) - we waged, we initiated, we caused to proceed

• संग्रामम् (saṁgrāmam) - battle, war

• पाञ्चालैः (pāñcālaiḥ) - against the Pañcālas (a specific kingdom/people) (by the Pañcālas)

• एव (eva) - only, exclusively, indeed

• केवलैः (kevalaiḥ) - solely, alone, exclusively

Words meanings and morphology

कृपः (kṛpaḥ) - Kṛpācārya (Kṛpa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛpa

kṛpa - Kṛpa (a proper name, specifically Kṛpācārya)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active

Root vac, perfect (liṭ), 3rd person singular active (irregular form)

Root: vac (class 2)

वयम् (vayam) - we

(pronoun)

Nominative, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we (pronoun)

Nominative plural of 'asmad'

द्रोणम् (droṇam) - Drona

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Drona (proper name)

Root: dru (class 1)

पुरस्कृत्य (puraskṛtya) - having placed in front, having honored, having made the leader

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from 'puras' (before, in front) + root 'kṛ' (to do/make) + 'lyap' (absolutive suffix when a prefix is present).

Prefix: puras

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Modifies the action of 'prāvartayāma'.

पृथिव्याम् (pṛthivyām) - on earth, in the world

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of pṛthivī

pṛthivī - earth, ground, world

Root: pṛth

प्रवरम् (pravaram) - excellent, chief, foremost

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pravara

pravara - excellent, chief, best, foremost

From 'pra' (fore, pre-eminent) + 'vara' (choicest)

रथम् (ratham) - foremost charioteer (referring to Drona) (charioteer, warrior on a chariot)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, a warrior fighting from a chariot, charioteer

Root: ram

प्रावर्तयाम (prāvartayāma) - we waged, we initiated, we caused to proceed

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pra-vṛt

Imperfect Active (Causative)

From 'pra' (forward) + root 'vṛt' (to turn, exist) + 'ṇic' (causative) + 'laṅ' (imperfect), 1st person plural active.

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

संग्रामम् (saṁgrāmam) - battle, war

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃgrāma

saṁgrāma - battle, war, fight, conflict

From 'sam' (together) + 'grāma' (village, host) - implies coming together for conflict.

पाञ्चालैः (pāñcālaiḥ) - against the Pañcālas (a specific kingdom/people) (by the Pañcālas)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pāñcāla

pāñcāla - a native or king of the Pañcāla country, the Pañcāla people

Name of an ancient Indian kingdom and its people.

एव (eva) - only, exclusively, indeed

(indeclinable)

Particle used for emphasis.

केवलैः (kevalaiḥ) - solely, alone, exclusively

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kevala

kevala - sole, alone, mere, exclusive, only

Note: Provides emphasis similar to 'eva'.