महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-165, verse-36

तस्य तच्छिद्रमाज्ञाय धृष्टद्युम्नः समुत्थितः ।
खड्गी रथादवप्लुत्य सहसा द्रोणमभ्ययात् ॥३६॥

36. tasya tacchidramājñāya dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ samutthitaḥ ,
khaḍgī rathādavaplutya sahasā droṇamabhyayāt.

36. tasya tat chidram ājñāya dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ samutthitaḥ
khadgī rathāt avaplutya sahasā droṇam abhyayāt

36. tasya tat chidram ājñāya dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ khadgī
samutthitaḥ rathāt avaplutya sahasā droṇam abhyayāt

36. Recognizing that vulnerability (chidra) of his (Droṇa's), Dhṛṣṭadyumna stood up. With sword in hand, having jumped down from the chariot, he suddenly rushed towards Droṇa.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

• तत् (tat) - that, this

• छिद्रम् (chidram) - opening, hole, fault, weak point, vulnerability

• आज्ञाय (ājñāya) - having recognized, having known, having understood

• धृष्टद्युम्नः (dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ) - Dhṛṣṭadyumna, the commander of the Pāṇḍava army and slayer of Droṇa (Dhṛṣṭadyumna (name of a warrior))

• समुत्थितः (samutthitaḥ) - stood up, arose, prepared

• खद्गी (khadgī) - sword-bearer, having a sword, armed with a sword

• रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

• अवप्लुत्य (avaplutya) - having jumped down, having leaped down

• सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, quickly, by force

• द्रोणम् (droṇam) - to the preceptor Droṇa (to Droṇa)

• अभ्ययात् (abhyayāt) - he approached, he went towards

Words meanings and morphology

तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Droṇa.

तत् (tat) - that, this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Note: Refers to `chidram`.

छिद्रम् (chidram) - opening, hole, fault, weak point, vulnerability

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of chidra

chidra - hole, opening, fault, defect, weak point, vulnerability

from root chid (to cut, pierce)

Root: chid (class 7)

Note: Object of `ājñāya`.

आज्ञाय (ājñāya) - having recognized, having known, having understood

(indeclinable)

absolutive

gerund formed from root jñā (9th class) with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: The subject is Dhṛṣṭadyumna.

धृष्टद्युम्नः (dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ) - Dhṛṣṭadyumna, the commander of the Pāṇḍava army and slayer of Droṇa (Dhṛṣṭadyumna (name of a warrior))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛṣṭadyumna

dhṛṣṭadyumna - Dhṛṣṭadyumna (name, 'bold splendor')

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhṛṣṭa+dyumna)

• dhṛṣṭa – bold, audacious, insolent
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  from root dhṛṣ (to be bold)
  Root: dhṛṣ (class 5)
• dyumna – splendor, glory, wealth, strength
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

समुत्थितः (samutthitaḥ) - stood up, arose, prepared

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samutthita

samutthita - stood up, arisen, elevated, prepared, ready

Past Passive Participle

from root sthā (1st class) with prefixes sam and ut

Prefixes: sam+ut

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Refers to Dhṛṣṭadyumna.

खद्गी (khadgī) - sword-bearer, having a sword, armed with a sword

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of khadgin

khadgin - sword-bearer, armed with a sword

possessive suffix -in added to khadga (sword)

Note: Describes Dhṛṣṭadyumna.

रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

Note: Point of departure for `avaplutya`.

अवप्लुत्य (avaplutya) - having jumped down, having leaped down

(indeclinable)

absolutive

gerund formed from root plut (1st class) with prefix ava

Prefix: ava

Root: plut (class 1)

Note: Action performed by Dhṛṣṭadyumna.

सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, quickly, by force

(indeclinable)

instrumental form of sahas (strength, force) used as an adverb

Note: Adverb modifying `abhyayāt`.

द्रोणम् (droṇam) - to the preceptor Droṇa (to Droṇa)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Droṇa (name of the preceptor of the Kauravas and Pāṇḍavas)

Note: Object of `abhyayāt`.

अभ्ययात् (abhyayāt) - he approached, he went towards

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of abhi-i

Imperfect Active Third Person Singular

root i (2nd class) with prefix abhi

Prefix: abhi

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.