महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-165, verse-114

स शङ्कमानस्तन्मिथ्या धर्मराजमपृच्छत ।
हतं वाप्यहतं वाजौ त्वां पिता पुत्रवत्सलः ॥११४॥

114. sa śaṅkamānastanmithyā dharmarājamapṛcchata ,
hataṁ vāpyahataṁ vājau tvāṁ pitā putravatsalaḥ.

114. saḥ śaṅkamānaḥ tat mithyā dharmarājam apṛcchat
hatam vā api ahatam vā ajau tvām pitā putravatsalaḥ

114. saḥ śaṅkamānaḥ tat mithyā dharmarājam apṛcchat ajau
hatam vā api ahatam vā tvām putravatsalaḥ pitā

114. He (Droṇa), suspecting that it was false, asked the king of natural law (dharma), Yudhiṣṭhira: 'Is he (Aśvatthāman) killed or not killed in battle? (I ask) you, (as I am) a father affectionate to his son.'

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (Droṇa) (he, that)

• शङ्कमानः (śaṅkamānaḥ) - doubting, suspecting (doubting, suspecting, fearing)

• तत् (tat) - that (statement/news) (that, it)

• मिथ्या (mithyā) - false (as a predicate to `tat`) (falsely, untruly, in vain)

• धर्मराजम् (dharmarājam) - Dharmarāja (Yudhiṣṭhira) (king of righteousness, Yudhiṣṭhira)

• अपृच्छत् (apṛcchat) - asked (asked, inquired)

• हतम् (hatam) - killed (Aśvatthāman) (killed, slain)

• वा (vā) - or (or, either)

• अपि (api) - even (also, even, moreover)

• अहतम् (ahatam) - not killed (not killed, unharmed, uninjured)

• वा (vā) - or (or, either)

• अजौ (ajau) - in battle (in battle, in conflict)

• त्वाम् (tvām) - you (Yudhiṣṭhira, as the one being asked/entreated) (you (accusative))

• पिता (pitā) - father (referring to Droṇa himself) (father, protector)

• पुत्रवत्सलः (putravatsalaḥ) - affectionate towards his son (referring to Droṇa himself) (affectionate towards his son, loving his son)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (Droṇa) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Subject of `apṛcchat`.

शङ्कमानः (śaṅkamānaḥ) - doubting, suspecting (doubting, suspecting, fearing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śaṅkamāna

śaṅkamāna - doubting, suspecting, fearing

Present Middle Participle

Derived from root śaṅk (to doubt, fear), 1st class middle voice.

Root: śaṅk (class 1)

तत् (tat) - that (statement/news) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of implied `jñātukāmā` (desiring to know).

मिथ्या (mithyā) - false (as a predicate to `tat`) (falsely, untruly, in vain)

(indeclinable)

धर्मराजम् (dharmarājam) - Dharmarāja (Yudhiṣṭhira) (king of righteousness, Yudhiṣṭhira)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharmarāja

dharmarāja - king of natural law, king of justice, Yama, Yudhiṣṭhira

Compound: `dharma` (natural law) + `rāja` (king).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+rāja)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ
• rāja – king, ruler, sovereign
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Object of `apṛcchat`.

अपृच्छत् (apṛcchat) - asked (asked, inquired)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of prach

Imperfect Mood

3rd singular active imperfect.

Root: prach (class 6)

हतम् (hatam) - killed (Aśvatthāman) (killed, slain)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - killed, struck, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root han (to strike, kill).

Root: han (class 2)

वा (vā) - or (or, either)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used in alternative questions.

अपि (api) - even (also, even, moreover)

(indeclinable)

अहतम् (ahatam) - not killed (not killed, unharmed, uninjured)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ahata

ahata - not killed, unharmed, new (cloth)

Past Passive Participle (negated)

Formed by `a-` (negation) + `hata` (killed).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+hata)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
• hata – killed, struck, destroyed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root han (to strike, kill).
  Root: han (class 2)

वा (vā) - or (or, either)

(indeclinable)

अजौ (ajau) - in battle (in battle, in conflict)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of aja

aja - battle, conflict, contest, drive

From root `aj` (to drive, contend).

Root: aj (class 1)

Note: Locative singular of `aja` (masculine).

त्वाम् (tvām) - you (Yudhiṣṭhira, as the one being asked/entreated) (you (accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular/plural)

Note: Object of implied verb 'I ask' or 'I implore'.

पिता (pitā) - father (referring to Droṇa himself) (father, protector)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, ancestor, protector, preceptor

Note: Subject of implied 'I am'.

पुत्रवत्सलः (putravatsalaḥ) - affectionate towards his son (referring to Droṇa himself) (affectionate towards his son, loving his son)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putravatsala

putravatsala - affectionate to children/son, loving children/son

Compound: `putra` (son) + `vatsala` (affectionate).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (putra+vatsala)

• putra – son
  noun (masculine)
• vatsala – affectionate, tender, loving
  adjective (masculine)

Note: In apposition to `pitā`.