महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-165, verse-117

तच्छ्रुत्वा विमनास्तत्र आचार्यो महदप्रियम् ।
नियम्य दिव्यान्यस्त्राणि नायुध्यत यथा पुरा ॥११७॥

117. tacchrutvā vimanāstatra ācāryo mahadapriyam ,
niyamya divyānyastrāṇi nāyudhyata yathā purā.

117. tat śrutvā vimanāḥ tatra ācāryaḥ mahat apriyam |
niyamya divyāni astrāṇi na ayudhyata yathā purā

117. tat mahat apriyam śrutvā ācāryaḥ tatra vimanāḥ [abhūta]
divyāni astrāṇi niyamya [saḥ] yathā purā na ayudhyata

117. Hearing that great and unpleasant news, the preceptor (droṇa) became disheartened there. Restraining his divine weapons, he no longer fought as vigorously as before.

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - that (news) (that)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard (the news) (having heard)

• विमनाः (vimanāḥ) - disheartened (disheartened, dejected, with distracted mind)

• तत्र (tatra) - there (on the battlefield) (there, in that place)

• आचार्यः (ācāryaḥ) - Drona, the preceptor (preceptor, teacher)

• महत् (mahat) - great (great, large, important)

• अप्रियम् (apriyam) - unpleasant (news/thing) (unpleasant, disagreeable, unfavorable)

• नियम्य (niyamya) - restraining (having restrained, having controlled)

• दिव्यानि (divyāni) - divine (divine, heavenly)

• अस्त्राणि (astrāṇi) - (divine) weapons (weapons, missiles)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• अयुध्यत (ayudhyata) - he fought (imperfect tense) (he fought)

• यथा (yathā) - as (as, like, in which way)

• पुरा (purā) - before (formerly, previously, before)

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - that (news) (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it, such

Note: Object of 'śrutvā'.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard (the news) (having heard)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root 'śru' (to hear) with 'tvā' suffix.

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Connects to 'abhūta' (implied) and 'na ayudhyata'.

विमनाः (vimanāḥ) - disheartened (disheartened, dejected, with distracted mind)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vimanā

vimanā - disheartened, dejected, depressed, distracted

Compound 'vi' (away) + 'manas' (mind).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vi+manas)

• vi – apart, away, without
  prefix
• manas – mind, intellect, thought
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'ācāryaḥ'.

तत्र (tatra) - there (on the battlefield) (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

From pronominal stem 'tad'.

Note: Adverb of place.

आचार्यः (ācāryaḥ) - Drona, the preceptor (preceptor, teacher)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ācārya

ācārya - teacher, preceptor, spiritual guide

From 'ā' + 'car' (to move, practice).

Prefix: ā

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

महत् (mahat) - great (great, large, important)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, vast, mighty

Note: Qualifies 'apriyam'.

अप्रियम् (apriyam) - unpleasant (news/thing) (unpleasant, disagreeable, unfavorable)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of apriya

apriya - unpleasant, disagreeable, disliked, unfavorable

Negation 'a-' of 'priya' (dear, beloved).

Note: Object of 'śrutvā'.

नियम्य (niyamya) - restraining (having restrained, having controlled)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root 'yam' (to hold, control) with prefix 'ni'.

Prefix: ni

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'ācāryaḥ' and precedes 'na ayudhyata'.

दिव्यानि (divyāni) - divine (divine, heavenly)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of divya

divya - divine, heavenly, celestial, supernatural

From 'div' (heaven).

Note: Qualifies 'astrāṇi'.

अस्त्राणि (astrāṇi) - (divine) weapons (weapons, missiles)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of astra

astra - missile, weapon (especially one discharged from hand)

From root 'as' (to throw, cast).

Root: as (class 4)

Note: Object of 'niyamya'.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation for 'ayudhyata'.

अयुध्यत (ayudhyata) - he fought (imperfect tense) (he fought)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (luṅ) of yudh

Imperfect Tense, Middle Voice

From root 'yudh' (to fight), 4th class. 'a-' augment for imperfect.

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Main verb.

यथा (yathā) - as (as, like, in which way)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of manner.

पुरा (purā) - before (formerly, previously, before)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.