महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-165, verse-55

ते तु दृष्ट्वा शिरो राजन्भारद्वाजस्य तावकाः ।
पलायनकृतोत्साहा दुद्रुवुः सर्वतोदिशम् ॥५५॥

55. te tu dṛṣṭvā śiro rājanbhāradvājasya tāvakāḥ ,
palāyanakṛtotsāhā dudruvuḥ sarvatodiśam.

55. te tu dṛṣṭvā śiraḥ rājan bhāradvājasya tāvakāḥ
palāyanakṛtotsāhāḥ dudruvuḥ sarvataḥ diśam

55. rājan tu te tāvakāḥ bhāradvājasya śiraḥ dṛṣṭvā
palāyanakṛtotsāhāḥ sarvataḥ diśam dudruvuḥ

55. But your warriors, O king, upon seeing the head of Bhāradvāja (Droṇa), became eager to flee and dispersed in all directions.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - they, those

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• शिरः (śiraḥ) - head

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• भारद्वाजस्य (bhāradvājasya) - of Bhāradvāja, of Droṇa

• तावकाः (tāvakāḥ) - your men, those related to you

• पलायनकृतोत्साहाः (palāyanakṛtotsāhāḥ) - whose enthusiasm was for fleeing, eager for flight

• दुद्रुवुः (dudruvuḥ) - they fled, they ran away

• सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - from all sides, in all directions, everywhere

• दिशम् (diśam) - direction, quarter

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - they, those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

Note: particle

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Absolutive (Gerund) formed with suffix -tvā

शिरः (śiraḥ) - head

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śiras

śiras - head, skull, top, summit

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

भारद्वाजस्य (bhāradvājasya) - of Bhāradvāja, of Droṇa

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhāradvāja

bhāradvāja - a descendant of Bharadvāja; refers to Droṇa

तावकाः (tāvakāḥ) - your men, those related to you

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tāvaka

tāvaka - yours, belonging to you, your men, your people

Note: Used here as a substantive (your men).

पलायनकृतोत्साहाः (palāyanakṛtotsāhāḥ) - whose enthusiasm was for fleeing, eager for flight

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of palāyanakṛtotsāha

palāyanakṛtotsāha - having made flight their zeal/eagerness, whose enthusiasm is for fleeing, eager to flee

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (palāyana+kṛta+utsāha)

• palāyana – fleeing, flight, escape
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root lā with upasarga parā, meaning 'to flee'
  Prefix: parā
  Root: lā
• kṛta – done, made, performed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• utsāha – enthusiasm, zeal, energy
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ud
  Root: sah

दुद्रुवुः (dudruvuḥ) - they fled, they ran away

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, Perfect (Lit) of dru

Root: dru (class 1)

सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - from all sides, in all directions, everywhere

(indeclinable)

Derived from sarva with suffix tas

दिशम् (diśam) - direction, quarter

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of diś

diś - direction, quarter, region, point of the compass

Note: Often used with sarvataḥ to mean 'in all directions'.