महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-165, verse-18

ततः स्वरथमारोप्य पाञ्चाल्यमरिमर्दनः ।
अब्रवीदभिसंप्रेक्ष्य द्रोणमस्यन्तमन्तिकात् ॥१८॥

18. tataḥ svarathamāropya pāñcālyamarimardanaḥ ,
abravīdabhisaṁprekṣya droṇamasyantamantikāt.

18. tataḥ svaratham āropya pāñcālyam arimardanaḥ
abravīt abhisaṃprekṣya droṇam asyantam antikāt

18. tataḥ arimardanaḥ svaratham pāñcālyam āropya
antikāt asyantam droṇam abhisaṃprekṣya abravīt

18. Then the suppressor of enemies, after seating the Pañcāla prince in his own chariot, spoke, having observed Droṇa shooting from nearby.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from there

• स्वरथम् (svaratham) - his own chariot

• आरोप्य (āropya) - having placed, having seated, having caused to ascend

• पाञ्चाल्यम् (pāñcālyam) - Dhṛṣṭadyumna (the Pañcāla prince)

• अरिमर्दनः (arimardanaḥ) - suppressor of enemies, subjugator of foes

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, he spoke

• अभिसंप्रेक्ष्य (abhisaṁprekṣya) - having looked carefully, having observed, having perceived

• द्रोणम् (droṇam) - Droṇa (preceptor in the Mahābhārata) (Droṇa)

• अस्यन्तम् (asyantam) - shooting, throwing, casting

• अन्तिकात् (antikāt) - from near, from nearby

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from there

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form.

स्वरथम् (svaratham) - his own chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of svaratha

svaratha - one's own chariot

Compound of `sva` (one's own) and `ratha` (chariot).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+ratha)

• sva – own, self
  pronoun (masculine)
• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of `āropya`.

आरोप्य (āropya) - having placed, having seated, having caused to ascend

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root `ruh` (to ascend) with prefix `ā` and suffix `-ya` (for compounds with prefix).

Prefix: ā

Root: ruh (class 1)

पाञ्चाल्यम् (pāñcālyam) - Dhṛṣṭadyumna (the Pañcāla prince)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pāñcālya

pāñcālya - a prince of the Pañcālas, descendant of Pañcāla

Vṛddhi derivation from `pañcāla`.

Note: Object of `āropya`.

अरिमर्दनः (arimardanaḥ) - suppressor of enemies, subjugator of foes

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arimardana

arimardana - a suppressor of enemies, a vanquisher of foes

Compound of `ari` (enemy) and `mardana` (crushing, suppressing).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ari+mardana)

• ari – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)
• mardana – crushing, grinding, suppressing
  noun (neuter)
  Action noun
  Derived from root `mṛd` (to crush, to rub).
  Root: mṛd (class 9)

Note: Subject of the sentence (referring to Bhīma).

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect (Laṅ)

3rd person singular imperfect form with augment 'a'.

Root: brū (class 2)

अभिसंप्रेक्ष्य (abhisaṁprekṣya) - having looked carefully, having observed, having perceived

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root `īkṣ` (to see) with prefixes `abhi`, `sam`, `pra` and suffix `-ya`.

Prefixes: abhi+sam+pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

द्रोणम् (droṇam) - Droṇa (preceptor in the Mahābhārata) (Droṇa)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Droṇa (name of a preceptor in the Mahābhārata), a trough, a measure

Note: Object of `abhisaṃprekṣya`.

अस्यन्तम् (asyantam) - shooting, throwing, casting

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of asyat

asyat - throwing, casting, shooting

Present Active Participle (Śatṛ)

From root `as` (to throw, cast, shoot) with active participle suffix `-at`.

Root: as (class 4)

Note: Qualifies `droṇam`.

अन्तिकात् (antikāt) - from near, from nearby

(indeclinable)

From `anta` (end, proximity).

Note: Indicates location/origin.