महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-165, verse-119

तं दृष्ट्वा विहितं मृत्युं लोकतत्त्वविचक्षणः ।
दिव्यान्यस्त्राण्यथोत्सृज्य रणे प्राय उपाविशत् ॥११९॥

119. taṁ dṛṣṭvā vihitaṁ mṛtyuṁ lokatattvavicakṣaṇaḥ ,
divyānyastrāṇyathotsṛjya raṇe prāya upāviśat.

119. tam dṛṣṭvā vihitam mṛtyum lokatattvavicakṣaṇaḥ
divyāni astrāṇi atha utsṛjya raṇe prāya upāviśat

119. lokatattvavicakṣaṇaḥ vihitam mṛtyum dṛṣṭvā atha
divyāni astrāṇi utsṛjya raṇe prāya upāviśat

119. Recognizing his impending death (mṛtyu) that had been ordained, the one discerning the true nature of the world (lokatattvavicakṣaṇa) then abandoned his divine weapons and sat down on the battlefield, preparing for a fast unto death.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (Drona) (him, that)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing, perceiving

• विहितम् (vihitam) - ordained, arranged, destined, appointed

• मृत्युम् (mṛtyum) - death, demise

• लोकतत्त्वविचक्षणः (lokatattvavicakṣaṇaḥ) - Drona, understanding the reality of his impending death (expert in the truth of the world, discerning the true nature of things, one who understands worldly realities)

• दिव्यानि (divyāni) - divine, heavenly, celestial

• अस्त्राणि (astrāṇi) - weapons, missiles, arms

• अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

• उत्सृज्य (utsṛjya) - having abandoned, having given up, having discarded

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, on the battlefield, in war

• प्राय (prāya) - the act of fasting unto death (prāya) (a fast unto death, giving up life, undertaking a vow of fasting)

• उपाविशत् (upāviśat) - sat down (to perform the prāya, fast unto death) (sat down, settled down, undertook)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (Drona) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing, perceiving

(indeclinable)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Absolutive (Gerund) form

विहितम् (vihitam) - ordained, arranged, destined, appointed

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vihita

vihita - ordained, arranged, performed, placed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root dhā with prefix vi

Prefix: vi

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'mṛtyum'

मृत्युम् (mṛtyum) - death, demise

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mṛtyu

mṛtyu - death, demise, end of life

Root: mṛ (class 6)

लोकतत्त्वविचक्षणः (lokatattvavicakṣaṇaḥ) - Drona, understanding the reality of his impending death (expert in the truth of the world, discerning the true nature of things, one who understands worldly realities)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of lokatattvavicakṣaṇa

lokatattvavicakṣaṇa - one who is skilled in discerning the reality of the world

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (loka+tattva+vicakṣaṇa)

• loka – world, people, universe
  noun (masculine)
• tattva – truth, reality, principle, essence
  noun (neuter)
• vicakṣaṇa – discerning, wise, expert, sagacious
  adjective (masculine)
  From root cakṣ 'to see' with prefix vi
  Prefix: vi
  Root: cakṣ (class 2)

दिव्यानि (divyāni) - divine, heavenly, celestial

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of divya

divya - divine, heavenly, supernatural

Note: Agrees with 'astrāṇi'

अस्त्राणि (astrāṇi) - weapons, missiles, arms

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of astra

astra - weapon, missile, projectile

अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

(indeclinable)

उत्सृज्य (utsṛjya) - having abandoned, having given up, having discarded

(indeclinable)

Prefix: ut

Root: sṛj (class 6)

Note: Absolutive (Gerund) form

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, on the battlefield, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, combat, war, fight

प्राय (prāya) - the act of fasting unto death (prāya) (a fast unto death, giving up life, undertaking a vow of fasting)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prāya

prāya - fasting unto death, expiration, a solemn vow

Note: Often used in compounds or with verbs like 'upāviśat' to mean 'to undertake a fast unto death'.

उपाविशत् (upāviśat) - sat down (to perform the prāya, fast unto death) (sat down, settled down, undertook)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of upāviś

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: viś (class 6)