महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-165, verse-71

स तैः परिवृतो राजा त्रस्तैः क्षुद्रमृगैरिव ।
अशक्नुवन्नवस्थातुमपायात्तनयस्तव ॥७१॥

71. sa taiḥ parivṛto rājā trastaiḥ kṣudramṛgairiva ,
aśaknuvannavasthātumapāyāttanayastava.

71. sa taiḥ parivṛtaḥ rājā trastaiḥ kṣudramṛgaiḥ
iva aśaknuvan avasthātum apāyāt tanayaḥ tava

71. tava tanayaḥ rājā taiḥ trastaiḥ kṣudramṛgaiḥ
iva parivṛtaḥ saḥ avasthātum aśaknuvan apāyāt

71. Your son, the king, surrounded by them like small, frightened deer, was unable to maintain his position and fled.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - he (referring to the king/your son) (he, that (person))

• तैः (taiḥ) - by those (implied enemy forces) (by them)

• परिवृतः (parivṛtaḥ) - surrounded, encompassed

• राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

• त्रस्तैः (trastaiḥ) - by the frightened ones, by the terrified ones

• क्षुद्रमृगैः (kṣudramṛgaiḥ) - by small deer

• इव (iva) - like, as if

• अशक्नुवन् (aśaknuvan) - not being able, unable

• अवस्थातुम् (avasthātum) - to stand his ground, to maintain his position (to stand firm, to remain, to stay)

• अपायात् (apāyāt) - he went away, he fled

• तनयः (tanayaḥ) - your son (Duryodhana) (son)

• तव (tava) - your (referring to Dhṛtarāṣṭra's son) (your)

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - he (referring to the king/your son) (he, that (person))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तैः (taiḥ) - by those (implied enemy forces) (by them)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

परिवृतः (parivṛtaḥ) - surrounded, encompassed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parivṛta

parivṛta - surrounded, encompassed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √vṛ (to cover, enclose) with prefix pari

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Agrees with rājā/tanayaḥ

राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

त्रस्तैः (trastaiḥ) - by the frightened ones, by the terrified ones

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of trasta

trasta - frightened, terrified

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √tras (to tremble, be frightened)

Root: tras (class 4)

Note: Agrees with taiḥ and kṣudramṛgaiḥ

क्षुद्रमृगैः (kṣudramṛgaiḥ) - by small deer

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kṣudramṛga

kṣudramṛga - small deer, fawn

Compound type : karmadhāraya (kṣudra+mṛga)

• kṣudra – small, tiny, insignificant
  adjective (masculine)
• mṛga – deer, wild animal, beast
  noun (masculine)

इव (iva) - like, as if

(indeclinable)

अशक्नुवन् (aśaknuvan) - not being able, unable

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aśaknuvat

aśaknuvat - unable, not capable

Present Active Participle

Derived from √śak (to be able) with negative prefix 'a'

Prefix: a

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Agrees with tanayaḥ

अवस्थातुम् (avasthātum) - to stand his ground, to maintain his position (to stand firm, to remain, to stay)

(indeclinable)

infinitive

Infinitive form of √sthā (to stand) with prefix ava

Prefix: ava

Root: sthā (class 1)

अपायात् (apāyāt) - he went away, he fled

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of apāya

Aorist 3rd singular

Aorist (Luṅ) 3rd singular active, from √i (to go) with prefix apa

Prefix: apa

Root: i (class 2)

तनयः (tanayaḥ) - your son (Duryodhana) (son)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tanaya

tanaya - son, offspring

From √tan (to stretch, extend, produce)

Root: tan (class 8)

तव (tava) - your (referring to Dhṛtarāṣṭra's son) (your)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you, your

Genitive singular of yuṣmad