महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-165, verse-116

उपसृत्य तदा द्रोणमुच्चैरिदमभाषत ।
यस्यार्थे शस्त्रमाधत्से यमवेक्ष्य च जीवसि ।
पुत्रस्ते दयितो नित्यं सोऽश्वत्थामा निपातितः ॥११६॥

116. upasṛtya tadā droṇamuccairidamabhāṣata ,
yasyārthe śastramādhatse yamavekṣya ca jīvasi ,
putraste dayito nityaṁ so'śvatthāmā nipātitaḥ.

116. upasṛtya tadā droṇam uccaiḥ idam
abhāṣata | yasya arthe śastram ādhatse
yam avekṣya ca jīvasi | putraḥ te
dayitaḥ nityam saḥ aśvatthāmā nipātitaḥ

116. tadā droṇam upasṛtya uccaiḥ idam abhāṣata:
"te nityam dayitaḥ putraḥ saḥ aśvatthāmā
nipātitaḥ yasya arthe śastram ādhatse
ca yam avekṣya jīvasi [saḥ nipātitaḥ]"

116. Then, approaching Drona (droṇa), he loudly declared this: "Your always beloved son, Ashvatthaman (aśvatthāman), for whose sake you wield your weapons and whose presence sustains your life, has been slain!"

Words meanings summery:

• उपसृत्य (upasṛtya) - having approached (Drona) (having approached, drawing near)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• द्रोणम् (droṇam) - Drona (the preceptor) (Drona (accusative))

• उच्चैः (uccaiḥ) - loudly (loudly, highly, strongly)

• इदम् (idam) - this (statement) (this)

• अभाषत (abhāṣata) - declared (spoke, said)

• यस्य (yasya) - for whose (sake) (whose, for whom)

• अर्थे (arthe) - for the sake of (for the sake of, for the purpose of, in the matter of)

• शस्त्रम् (śastram) - weapons (weapon, sword)

• आधत्से (ādhatse) - you wield (you wield, you put on, you place)

• यम् (yam) - whom (Ashvatthaman) (whom (accusative))

• अवेक्ष्य (avekṣya) - relying on (his presence) (having seen, regarding, looking at)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• जीवसि (jīvasi) - you live (you live, you exist)

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son (Ashvatthaman) (son)

• ते (te) - your (your, by you (dative/genitive/instrumental))

• दयितः (dayitaḥ) - beloved (beloved, dear)

• नित्यम् (nityam) - always (always, constantly, eternally)

• सः (saḥ) - that (very) (he, that)

• अश्वत्थामा (aśvatthāmā) - Ashvatthaman (Drona's son) (Ashvatthaman (nominative))

• निपातितः (nipātitaḥ) - has been slain (killed, struck down, felled)

Words meanings and morphology

उपसृत्य (upasṛtya) - having approached (Drona) (having approached, drawing near)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root 'sṛ' (to go) with prefix 'upa'.

Prefix: upa

Root: sṛ (class 1)

Note: Connects to 'abhāṣata'.

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

From pronominal stem 'tad'.

Note: Temporal adverb.

द्रोणम् (droṇam) - Drona (the preceptor) (Drona (accusative))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Drona (name of the preceptor of the Kauravas and Pandavas)

Note: Object of 'upasṛtya'.

उच्चैः (uccaiḥ) - loudly (loudly, highly, strongly)

(indeclinable)

From 'uc' (to increase) + 'ai' suffix.

Note: Adverb modifying 'abhāṣata'.

इदम् (idam) - this (statement) (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this here

Note: Object of 'abhāṣata'.

अभाषत (abhāṣata) - declared (spoke, said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (luṅ) of bhāṣ

Imperfect Tense, Middle Voice

From root 'bhāṣ' (to speak), 1st class. 'a-' augment for imperfect.

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

यस्य (yasya) - for whose (sake) (whose, for whom)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Refers to Ashvatthaman.

अर्थे (arthe) - for the sake of (for the sake of, for the purpose of, in the matter of)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - purpose, aim, meaning, wealth, advantage, sake

Note: Used with genitive to mean "for the sake of".

शस्त्रम् (śastram) - weapons (weapon, sword)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śastra

śastra - weapon, sword, instrument, iron

From root 'śaṃs' (to praise, but also associated with cutting).

Root: śas (class 2)

Note: Object of 'ādhatse'.

आधत्से (ādhatse) - you wield (you wield, you put on, you place)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of dhā

Present Tense, Middle Voice

From root 'dhā' (to place, hold) with prefix 'ā'. 3rd class, middle voice.

Prefix: ā

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Verb for Drona's action, in the relative clause.

यम् (yam) - whom (Ashvatthaman) (whom (accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Object of 'avekṣya'.

अवेक्ष्य (avekṣya) - relying on (his presence) (having seen, regarding, looking at)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root 'īkṣ' (to see) with prefix 'ava'.

Prefix: ava

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'jīvasi'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

जीवसि (jīvasi) - you live (you live, you exist)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (lat) of jīv

Present Tense, Active Voice

From root 'jīv' (to live), 1st class.

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Verb for Drona's action, in the relative clause.

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son (Ashvatthaman) (son)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Subject of the main clause in the reported speech.

ते (te) - your (your, by you (dative/genitive/instrumental))

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of tvam

tvam - you

Note: Possessive, referring to Drona.

दयितः (dayitaḥ) - beloved (beloved, dear)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dayita

dayita - beloved, dear, desired

Past Passive Participle

From root 'day' (to pity, be compassionate).

Root: day (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'putraḥ'.

नित्यम् (nityam) - always (always, constantly, eternally)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb modifying 'dayitaḥ'.

सः (saḥ) - that (very) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'putraḥ'.

अश्वत्थामा (aśvatthāmā) - Ashvatthaman (Drona's son) (Ashvatthaman (nominative))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aśvatthāman

aśvatthāman - Ashvatthaman (name of Drona's son)

Compound: aśva (horse) + sthāman (power, strength).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (aśva+sthāman)

• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)
• sthāman – strength, power, vigor
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'sthā' (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Appositive to 'putraḥ'.

निपातितः (nipātitaḥ) - has been slain (killed, struck down, felled)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nipātita

nipātita - killed, struck down, felled, thrown down

Past Passive Participle

From root 'pat' (to fall) with prefix 'ni', causative. Forms a PPP.

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'putraḥ'.