महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-165, verse-115

तदतथ्यभये मग्नो जये सक्तो युधिष्ठिरः ।
अश्वत्थामानमाहेदं हतः कुञ्जर इत्युत ।
भीमेन गिरिवर्ष्माणं मालवस्येन्द्रवर्मणः ॥११५॥

115. tadatathyabhaye magno jaye sakto yudhiṣṭhiraḥ ,
aśvatthāmānamāhedaṁ hataḥ kuñjara ityuta ,
bhīmena girivarṣmāṇaṁ mālavasyendravarmaṇaḥ.

115. tat atathya bhaye magnaḥ jaye saktaḥ
yudhiṣṭhiraḥ aśvatthāmānam āha idam
hataḥ kuñjaraḥ iti uta bhīmena
girivarṣmāṇam mālavasya indravarmaṇaḥ

115. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ tat-atathya-bhaye magnaḥ jaye
saktaḥ idam āha iti uta: aśvatthāmānam
[nāma] kuñjaraḥ hataḥ [saḥ kuñjaraḥ] bhīmena
mālavasya indravarmaṇaḥ girivarṣmāṇam [āṣīt]

115. Yudhishthira (yudhiṣṭhira), immersed in the fear of uttering an untruth, yet intent on victory, declared this concerning Ashvatthaman (aśvatthāman): "The elephant is killed!" Indeed, this referred to the mountain-sized elephant belonging to Indravardhan (indravarman) of Malava, which had been killed by Bhima (bhīma).

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - that (impending untruth) (that, therefore, then)

• अतथ्य (atathya) - untruth, falsehood (untrue, false)

• भये (bhaye) - in the fear (in fear, on account of fear)

• मग्नः (magnaḥ) - immersed (in fear) (immersed, submerged, sunk)

• जये (jaye) - on victory (in victory, for victory)

• सक्तः (saktaḥ) - intent on (victory) (attached, devoted, clinging to, intent on)

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - King Yudhishthira, the eldest Pandava (Yudhishthira (proper noun))

• अश्वत्थामानम् (aśvatthāmānam) - concerning Ashvatthaman (Ashvatthaman (accusative))

• आह (āha) - declared (said, spoke)

• इदम् (idam) - this (declaration) (this)

• हतः (hataḥ) - killed (killed, struck, destroyed)

• कुञ्जरः (kuñjaraḥ) - elephant (named Ashvatthaman) (elephant)

• इति (iti) - thus (marking the end of the direct quote) (thus, in this manner, indicates direct speech)

• उत (uta) - indeed, certainly (and, also, indeed, or)

• भीमेन (bhīmena) - by Bhima (the Pandava brother) (by Bhima)

• गिरिवर्ष्माणम् (girivarṣmāṇam) - mountain-sized (describing the elephant) (having the body of a mountain, mountain-like)

• मालवस्य (mālavasya) - of the Malava king (Indravardhan) (of Malava (a country/people))

• इन्द्रवर्मणः (indravarmaṇaḥ) - of King Indravardhan (of Indravardhan (proper noun))

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - that (impending untruth) (that, therefore, then)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it, such

Note: Used here as the first part of a compound.

अतथ्य (atathya) - untruth, falsehood (untrue, false)

(adjective)

neuter, singular of atathya

atathya - untrue, false; not so

Negation 'a-' of 'tathya' (true, real).

Note: Second part of the compound 'tat-atathya-bhaye'.

भये (bhaye) - in the fear (in fear, on account of fear)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, dread, apprehension

From root 'bhī' (to fear).

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Part of the compound 'tat-atathya-bhaye' (in the fear of that untruth).

मग्नः (magnaḥ) - immersed (in fear) (immersed, submerged, sunk)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of magna

magna - immersed, submerged, sunk, plunged

Past Passive Participle

From root 'maj' (to dive, sink).

Root: maj (class 6)

Note: Agrees with Yudhishthiraḥ.

जये (jaye) - on victory (in victory, for victory)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of jaya

jaya - victory, triumph, conquest

From root 'ji' (to conquer).

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Refers to the desire for victory.

सक्तः (saktaḥ) - intent on (victory) (attached, devoted, clinging to, intent on)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sakta

sakta - attached, clinging to, devoted to, intent on

Past Passive Participle

From root 'sañj' (to cling, attach).

Root: sañj (class 7)

Note: Agrees with Yudhishthiraḥ.

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - King Yudhishthira, the eldest Pandava (Yudhishthira (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - firm in battle; Yudhishthira (name of the eldest Pandava)

Compound: 'yudhi' (in battle) + 'sthira' (firm).

Compound type : tatpurusha (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  indeclinable
  Locative singular of 'yudh' (battle).
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  From root 'sthā' (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

अश्वत्थामानम् (aśvatthāmānam) - concerning Ashvatthaman (Ashvatthaman (accusative))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of aśvatthāman

aśvatthāman - Ashvatthaman (name of Drona's son, and also of an elephant)

Compound: aśva (horse) + sthāman (power, strength).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (aśva+sthāman)

• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)
• sthāman – strength, power, vigor
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'sthā' (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Object of implied "regarding" or "about" in the context of the statement.

आह (āha) - declared (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of āha

Perfect Tense (irregular)

From root 'brū' (to speak) or 'ah' (to say). This is an irregular perfect form, often treated as a root 'ah'.

Root: ah

Note: Main verb for Yudhishthira's action.

इदम् (idam) - this (declaration) (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this here

Note: Object of 'āha'.

हतः (hataḥ) - killed (killed, struck, destroyed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - killed, struck, destroyed, harmed

Past Passive Participle

From root 'han' (to strike, kill).

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'kuñjaraḥ'.

कुञ्जरः (kuñjaraḥ) - elephant (named Ashvatthaman) (elephant)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kuñjara

kuñjara - elephant, leader, chief

Note: Subject of the inner statement.

इति (iti) - thus (marking the end of the direct quote) (thus, in this manner, indicates direct speech)

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks the end of the reported speech.

उत (uta) - indeed, certainly (and, also, indeed, or)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

भीमेन (bhīmena) - by Bhima (the Pandava brother) (by Bhima)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhīma

bhīma - terrible, formidable; Bhima (name of the second Pandava)

From root 'bhī' (to fear).

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Agent of killing the elephant.

गिरिवर्ष्माणम् (girivarṣmāṇam) - mountain-sized (describing the elephant) (having the body of a mountain, mountain-like)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of girivarṣman

girivarṣman - mountain-bodied, having a body like a mountain

Compound: giri (mountain) + varṣman (body, form).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (giri+varṣman)

• giri – mountain, hill
  noun (masculine)
• varṣman – body, form, height, top
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies the elephant, hence accusative case.

मालवस्य (mālavasya) - of the Malava king (Indravardhan) (of Malava (a country/people))

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mālava

mālava - a native of Malava (a country in ancient India)

Note: Possessive, qualifying Indravardhan.

इन्द्रवर्मणः (indravarmaṇaḥ) - of King Indravardhan (of Indravardhan (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of indravarman

indravarman - Indravardhan (name of a king)

Compound: Indra (a deity, king) + varman (armor, protection).

Compound type : tatpurusha (indra+varman)

• indra – Indra (name of a deity, king)
  proper noun (masculine)
• varman – armor, protection, shield
  noun (neuter)

Note: Possessive, referring to the owner of the elephant.