महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-165, verse-48

हर्षेण महता युक्तो भारद्वाजे निपातिते ।
सिंहनादरवं चक्रे भ्रामयन्खड्गमाहवे ॥४८॥

48. harṣeṇa mahatā yukto bhāradvāje nipātite ,
siṁhanādaravaṁ cakre bhrāmayankhaḍgamāhave.

48. harṣeṇa mahatā yuktaḥ bhāradvāje nipātite
siṃhanādaravam cakre bhrāmayan khaḍgam āhave

48. mahatā harṣeṇa yuktaḥ bhāradvāje nipātite
āhave khaḍgam bhrāmayan siṃhanādaravam cakre

48. Filled with great joy at the slaying of Bhāradvāja (Droṇa), he let out a lion's roar, brandishing his sword in battle.

Words meanings summery:

• हर्षेण (harṣeṇa) - with joy, by joy

• महता (mahatā) - great, mighty

• युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - joined with, endowed with, filled with

• भारद्वाजे (bhāradvāje) - upon Droṇa, the teacher (in Bhāradvāja, upon Bhāradvāja)

• निपातिते (nipātite) - having been struck down, having been slain

• सिंहनादरवम् (siṁhanādaravam) - a lion's roar, the sound of a lion's roar

• चक्रे (cakre) - he made, he did

• भ्रामयन् (bhrāmayan) - whirling, brandishing

• खड्गम् (khaḍgam) - sword

• आहवे (āhave) - in battle, in combat

Words meanings and morphology

हर्षेण (harṣeṇa) - with joy, by joy

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of harṣa

harṣa - joy, delight, pleasure, thrill

From root √hṛṣ (to be excited, rejoice).

Root: hṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Instrument of being 'yuktaḥ'.

महता (mahatā) - great, mighty

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, considerable

Note: Qualifies 'harṣeṇa'.

युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - joined with, endowed with, filled with

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yukta

yukta - joined, united, endowed with, fitted, proper, engaged in

Past Passive Participle

From root √yuj (to join, connect) with suffix -ta.

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject.

भारद्वाजे (bhāradvāje) - upon Droṇa, the teacher (in Bhāradvāja, upon Bhāradvāja)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of bhāradvājs

bhāradvāja - descendant of Bharadvāja; often refers to Droṇa

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction.

निपातिते (nipātite) - having been struck down, having been slain

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of nipātita

nipātita - struck down, felled, slain, made to fall

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √pat (to fall) with prefix ni- and causative suffix -i followed by -ta.

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction with 'bhāradvāje'.

सिंहनादरवम् (siṁhanādaravam) - a lion's roar, the sound of a lion's roar

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of siṃhanādarava

siṁhanādarava - a lion's roar, the sound of a lion's roar

Tatpuruṣa compound.

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (siṃha+nāda+rava)

• siṃha – lion
  noun (masculine)
• nāda – sound, roar, cry
  noun (masculine)
  Root: nad (class 1)
• rava – sound, roar, cry
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ru (class 2)

Note: Object of 'cakre'.

चक्रे (cakre) - he made, he did

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (lit) of kṛ

Perfect Middle

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, middle voice. From root √kṛ (to do).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

भ्रामयन् (bhrāmayan) - whirling, brandishing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhrāmayat

bhrāmayat - whirling, causing to wander, brandishing

Present Active Participle (causative)

From causative form of root √bhram (to wander) with present participle suffix -at.

Root: bhram (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject, acting as a verb modifier.

खड्गम् (khaḍgam) - sword

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of khaḍga

khaḍga - sword, scimitar, rhinoceros

Note: Object of 'bhrāmayan'.

आहवे (āhave) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of āhava

āhava - battle, war, combat

From root √hve (to call) with prefix ā-.

Prefix: ā

Root: hve (class 1)

Note: Indicates the place/context of the action.