महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-165, verse-90

किमियं द्रवते सेना त्रस्तरूपेव भारत ।
द्रवमाणां च राजेन्द्र नावस्थापयसे रणे ॥९०॥

90. kimiyaṁ dravate senā trastarūpeva bhārata ,
dravamāṇāṁ ca rājendra nāvasthāpayase raṇe.

90. kim iyam dravate senā trastarūpā iva bhārata
| dravamāṇām ca rājendra na avasthāpayase raṇe

90. bhārata,
iyam senā trastarūpā iva kim dravate? ca rājendra,
raṇe dravamāṇām [senām] na avasthāpayase [kim]?

90. Why is this army fleeing, O Bhārata, looking utterly terrified? And why, O great king, do you not halt this retreating army in battle?

Words meanings summery:

• किम् (kim) - why (why, what, whether)

• इयम् (iyam) - this (feminine)

• द्रवते (dravate) - it flees, it runs

• सेना (senā) - army, host

• त्रस्तरूपा (trastarūpā) - looking utterly terrified (appearing terrified, in a terrified state)

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (addressed to Duryodhana) (O descendant of Bharata)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O great king (addressed to Duryodhana) (O chief of kings, O great king)

• न (na) - not

• अवस्थापयसे (avasthāpayase) - you do not halt (you do not make stand, you do not halt)

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

Words meanings and morphology

किम् (kim) - why (why, what, whether)

(indeclinable)

Interrogative pronoun/particle.

इयम् (iyam) - this (feminine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of idam

idam - this, here

Demonstrative pronoun 'idam' in feminine singular nominative.

द्रवते (dravate) - it flees, it runs

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of dru

Present 3rd singular middle

Root 'dru' (to run, flee) in present tense, ātmanepada, 3rd person singular.

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Verb for 'senā'.

सेना (senā) - army, host

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of senā

senā - army, host, troop

Note: Subject of 'dravate'.

त्रस्तरूपा (trastarūpā) - looking utterly terrified (appearing terrified, in a terrified state)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of trastarūpa

trastarūpa - having the form of fear, appearing terrified

From 'trasta' (terrified) + 'rūpa' (form). Feminine form.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (trasta+rūpa)

• trasta – frightened, terrified
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'tras' (to tremble, be frightened).
  Root: tras (class 4)
• rūpa – form, appearance
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'senā'.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (addressed to Duryodhana) (O descendant of Bharata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, belonging to Bharata, name of Arjuna or Duryodhana or others

Vocative singular of 'bhārata'.

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O great king (addressed to Duryodhana) (O chief of kings, O great king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājendra

rājendra - chief of kings, great king

Vocative singular of 'rājendra'. Compound of 'rājan' (king) and 'indra' (chief).

Compound type : tatpurusha (rājan+indra)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• indra – chief, lord (also name of the god Indra)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Addressing Duryodhana.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

अवस्थापयसे (avasthāpayase) - you do not halt (you do not make stand, you do not halt)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of avasthāpay

Causative Present 2nd singular middle

From root 'sthā' (to stand) with prefix 'ava', in causative form ('āpaya'), present tense, ātmanepada, 2nd person singular.

Prefix: ava

Root: sthā (class 1)

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, combat

From root 'raṇ' (to rejoice, sound).

Root: raṇ (class 1)