महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-165, verse-78

हतप्रवीरैर्भूयिष्ठं द्विपैर्बहुपदातिभिः ।
वृतः शारद्वतोऽगच्छत्कष्टं कष्टमिति ब्रुवन् ॥७८॥

78. hatapravīrairbhūyiṣṭhaṁ dvipairbahupadātibhiḥ ,
vṛtaḥ śāradvato'gacchatkaṣṭaṁ kaṣṭamiti bruvan.

78. hatapravīraiḥ bhūyiṣṭham dvipaiḥ bahupadātibhiḥ
vṛtaḥ śāradvataḥ agacchat kaṣṭam kaṣṭam iti bruvan

78. hatapravīraiḥ bhūyiṣṭham dvipaiḥ bahupadātibhiḥ
vṛtaḥ śāradvataḥ kaṣṭam kaṣṭam iti bruvan agacchat

78. Sharadvata (Kripa), surrounded mostly by elephants and many foot-soldiers whose leading warriors had been killed, moved on, repeatedly lamenting, "Alas! Alas!"

Words meanings summery:

• हतप्रवीरैः (hatapravīraiḥ) - Refers to the elephants and foot-soldiers whose leading warriors or commanders were slain. (by those whose brave warriors were killed)

• भूयिष्ठम् (bhūyiṣṭham) - mostly, for the most part, predominantly

• द्विपैः (dvipaiḥ) - by elephants

• बहुपदातिभिः (bahupadātibhiḥ) - by many foot-soldiers

• वृतः (vṛtaḥ) - surrounded, encompassed

• शारद्वतः (śāradvataḥ) - Refers to Kripa, who was the son of Sharadvat. (Sharadvata (Kripa))

• अगच्छत् (agacchat) - he went, he moved

• कष्टम् (kaṣṭam) - alas! misery!

• कष्टम् (kaṣṭam) - alas! misery!

• इति (iti) - thus, so (quotative particle)

• ब्रुवन् (bruvan) - saying, speaking

Words meanings and morphology

हतप्रवीरैः (hatapravīraiḥ) - Refers to the elephants and foot-soldiers whose leading warriors or commanders were slain. (by those whose brave warriors were killed)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of hatapravīra

hatapravīra - having slain heroes, whose leading warriors are killed

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hata+pravīra)

• hata – killed, slain
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Root: han (class 2)
• pravīra – brave warrior, hero, chief
  noun (masculine)

भूयिष्ठम् (bhūyiṣṭham) - mostly, for the most part, predominantly

(indeclinable)

Superlative suffix 'iṣṭha' applied to 'bahu' (many).

द्विपैः (dvipaiḥ) - by elephants

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of dvipa

dvipa - elephant (literally 'two-drinker', referring to trunk and mouth)

बहुपदातिभिः (bahupadātibhiḥ) - by many foot-soldiers

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bahupadāti

bahupadāti - many foot-soldiers, numerous infantry

Compound type : karmadhāraya (bahu+padāti)

• bahu – many, much
  adjective
• padāti – foot-soldier, infantry
  noun (masculine)

वृतः (vṛtaḥ) - surrounded, encompassed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛta

vṛta - surrounded, encompassed, chosen

Past Passive Participle

Root: vṛ (class 5)

शारद्वतः (śāradvataḥ) - Refers to Kripa, who was the son of Sharadvat. (Sharadvata (Kripa))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śāradvata

śāradvata - son of Sharadvat

अगच्छत् (agacchat) - he went, he moved

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of gam

Root: gam (class 1)

कष्टम् (kaṣṭam) - alas! misery!

(indeclinable)

कष्टम् (kaṣṭam) - alas! misery!

(indeclinable)

इति (iti) - thus, so (quotative particle)

(indeclinable)

ब्रुवन् (bruvan) - saying, speaking

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bruvat

bruvat - saying, speaking

Present Active Participle

Root: brū (class 2)