महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-186, verse-73

ततो द्वादश वर्षाणि पयोदास्त उपप्लवे ।
धाराभिः पूरयन्तो वै चोद्यमाना महात्मना ॥७३॥

73. tato dvādaśa varṣāṇi payodāsta upaplave ,
dhārābhiḥ pūrayanto vai codyamānā mahātmanā.

73. tataḥ dvādaśa varṣāṇi payodāḥ te upaplave
dhārābhiḥ pūrayantaḥ vai codyamānāḥ mahātmanā

73. Then, for twelve years during that cosmic dissolution, those clouds, impelled by the great cosmic being, indeed fill (everything) with torrents of rain.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (referring to a sequence of events) (then, thence, afterwards)

• द्वादश (dvādaśa) - twelve

• वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years (years, rains)

• पयोदाः (payodāḥ) - clouds (clouds (lit. 'water-givers'))

• ते (te) - those (clouds) (those, they)

• उपप्लवे (upaplave) - during the cosmic dissolution (in the flood, in the deluge, in the destruction, in the dissolution)

• धाराभिः (dhārābhiḥ) - with torrents (of rain) (with streams, by torrents, by sharp edges)

• पूरयन्तः (pūrayantaḥ) - filling (the world with rain) (filling, completing)

• वै (vai) - indeed (emphatic) (indeed, certainly, surely)

• चोद्यमानाः (codyamānāḥ) - being impelled (by the great cosmic being) (being impelled, being urged, being instigated)

• महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great cosmic being (by the great soul, by the great self, by the great being)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (referring to a sequence of events) (then, thence, afterwards)

(indeclinable)

derived from tad (that) + tasil (ablative suffix)

द्वादश (dvādaśa) - twelve

(adjective)

of dvādaśa

dvādaśa - twelve

Compound type : dvandva (dvi+daśan)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• daśan – ten
  numeral

वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years (years, rains)

(noun)

neuter, plural of varṣa

varṣa - year, rain, monsoon

from root vṛṣ (to rain)

Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Here, accusative plural (duration of time).

पयोदाः (payodāḥ) - clouds (clouds (lit. 'water-givers'))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of payoda

payoda - cloud, rain-giver (lit. 'water-giver')

compound of payas (water) + da (giver, from dā 'to give')

Compound type : upapada tatpurusha (payas+da)

• payas – water, milk
  noun (neuter)
• da – giver
  adjective (masculine)
  kṛt suffix
  Derived from root dā 'to give' with suffix -a
  Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

ते (te) - those (clouds) (those, they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it, those

Note: Refers to payodāḥ.

उपप्लवे (upaplave) - during the cosmic dissolution (in the flood, in the deluge, in the destruction, in the dissolution)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of upaplava

upaplava - flood, deluge, calamity, dissolution

from upa- + plu 'to float, swim'

Prefix: upa

Root: plu (class 1)

Note: Signifies the time or state 'during the dissolution'.

धाराभिः (dhārābhiḥ) - with torrents (of rain) (with streams, by torrents, by sharp edges)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, plural of dhārā

dhārā - stream, current, torrent, edge

Note: Denotes the means 'by torrents'.

पूरयन्तः (pūrayantaḥ) - filling (the world with rain) (filling, completing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pūrayat

pūrayat - filling, causing to fill

present active participle

Causative of root pṛ 'to fill' + śatṛ suffix.

Root: pṛ (class 9)

Note: Describes the clouds.

वै (vai) - indeed (emphatic) (indeed, certainly, surely)

(indeclinable)

चोद्यमानाः (codyamānāḥ) - being impelled (by the great cosmic being) (being impelled, being urged, being instigated)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of codyamāna

codyamāna - being urged, being impelled

present passive participle

Causative of root cud 'to impel' + yaka (passive) + śānac suffix.

Root: cud (class 10)

Note: Describes the clouds.

महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great cosmic being (by the great soul, by the great self, by the great being)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great soul, great self (ātman), noble-minded, a great being

Compound of mahat (great) + ātman (soul/self).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+ātman)

• mahat – great, large, vast
  adjective (neuter)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essential nature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

Note: Denotes the agent of impelling.