महाभारतः
mahābhārataḥ
-
book-3, chapter-186, verse-31
न तदा ब्राह्मणः कश्चित्स्वधर्ममुपजीवति ।
क्षत्रिया अपि वैश्याश्च विकर्मस्था नराधिप ॥३१॥
क्षत्रिया अपि वैश्याश्च विकर्मस्था नराधिप ॥३१॥
31. na tadā brāhmaṇaḥ kaścitsvadharmamupajīvati ,
kṣatriyā api vaiśyāśca vikarmasthā narādhipa.
kṣatriyā api vaiśyāśca vikarmasthā narādhipa.
31.
na tadā brāhmaṇaḥ kaścit svadharmam upajīvati
kṣatriyāḥ api vaiśyāḥ ca vikarmasthāḥ narādhipa
kṣatriyāḥ api vaiśyāḥ ca vikarmasthāḥ narādhipa
31.
O lord of men, at that time, no Brahmin will adhere to his own particular constitution (svadharma). Even Kshatriyas and Vaishyas will be engaged in improper actions.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- न (na) - not, no, nor
- तदा (tadā) - then, at that time, at that moment
- ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a Brahmin (member of the priestly class)
- कश्चित् (kaścit) - any, someone, a certain (one)
- स्वधर्मम् (svadharmam) - one's own constitution (dharma), one's own natural law, one's own intrinsic nature, one's own duty
- उपजीवति (upajīvati) - lives according to, subsists by, maintains oneself by, practices
- क्षत्रियाः (kṣatriyāḥ) - Kshatriyas (members of the warrior/ruling class)
- अपि (api) - also, even, too
- वैश्याः (vaiśyāḥ) - Vaishyas (members of the merchant/agricultural class)
- च (ca) - and, also
- विकर्मस्थाः (vikarmasthāḥ) - engaged in wrong actions, deviating from their duties, standing in improper actions
- नराधिप (narādhipa) - O lord of men, O ruler of humanity
Words meanings and morphology
न (na) - not, no, nor
(indeclinable)
तदा (tadā) - then, at that time, at that moment
(indeclinable)
ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a Brahmin (member of the priestly class)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa
brāhmaṇa - a Brahmin, a member of the priestly class; relating to Brahman
कश्चित् (kaścit) - any, someone, a certain (one)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of kaścid
kaścid - any, some, a certain, someone
Compound of kim (what, who) and cid (particle of indefiniteness)
स्वधर्मम् (svadharmam) - one's own constitution (dharma), one's own natural law, one's own intrinsic nature, one's own duty
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of svadharma
svadharma - one's own constitution (dharma), intrinsic nature, natural law, duty, proper conduct
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+dharma)
- sva – own, one's own, self
pronoun - dharma – constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, virtue, custom
noun (masculine)
Root: dhṛ (class 1)
उपजीवति (upajīvati) - lives according to, subsists by, maintains oneself by, practices
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of upajīv
Prefix: upa
Root: jīv (class 1)
क्षत्रियाः (kṣatriyāḥ) - Kshatriyas (members of the warrior/ruling class)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of kṣatriya
kṣatriya - a member of the warrior or ruling class; noble, regal
अपि (api) - also, even, too
(indeclinable)
वैश्याः (vaiśyāḥ) - Vaishyas (members of the merchant/agricultural class)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of vaiśya
vaiśya - a member of the third social class, typically merchants or farmers; belonging to the people
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
विकर्मस्थाः (vikarmasthāḥ) - engaged in wrong actions, deviating from their duties, standing in improper actions
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of vikarmastha
vikarmastha - engaged in wrong actions, acting improperly, standing in wrong actions
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vikarma+stha)
- vikarma – wrong action, improper act, forbidden deed
noun (neuter)
Prefix: vi - stha – standing, situated, abiding, being in
adjective
agent noun
Derived from root sthā
Root: sthā (class 1)
नराधिप (narādhipa) - O lord of men, O ruler of humanity
(noun)
Vocative, masculine, singular of narādhipa
narādhipa - lord of men, king
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+adhipa)
- nara – man, human being, person
noun (masculine) - adhipa – ruler, lord, master
noun (masculine)