महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-186, verse-23

एतत्सहस्रपर्यन्तमहो ब्राह्ममुदाहृतम् ।
विश्वं हि ब्रह्मभवने सर्वशः परिवर्तते ।
लोकानां मनुजव्याघ्र प्रलयं तं विदुर्बुधाः ॥२३॥

23. etatsahasraparyantamaho brāhmamudāhṛtam ,
viśvaṁ hi brahmabhavane sarvaśaḥ parivartate ,
lokānāṁ manujavyāghra pralayaṁ taṁ vidurbudhāḥ.

23. etat sahasraparyantam ahaḥ brāhmam
udāhṛtam viśvam hi brahmabhavane
sarvaśaḥ pravartate lokānām
manujavyāghra pralayam tam viduḥ budhāḥ

23. This period, extending to a thousand [such cycles], is declared to be a day of Brahmā (brahman). Indeed, the entire universe completely revolves within Brahmā's abode. O tiger among men, the wise know that period as the dissolution (pralaya) of the worlds.

Words meanings summery:

• एतत् (etat) - this, this one (neuter)

• सहस्रपर्यन्तम् (sahasraparyantam) - extending to a thousand (Mahāyugas) (extending to a thousand, ending in a thousand)

• अहः (ahaḥ) - day (of Brahmā) (day)

• ब्राह्मम् (brāhmam) - relating to Brahmā (brahman) (relating to Brahmā, divine)

• उदाहृतम् (udāhṛtam) - declared, stated, called

• विश्वम् (viśvam) - the universe, the whole

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

• ब्रह्मभवने (brahmabhavane) - in Brahmā's abode

• सर्वशः (sarvaśaḥ) - entirely, completely, in every way

• प्रवर्तते (pravartate) - revolves, proceeds, takes place

• लोकानाम् (lokānām) - of the worlds

• मनुजव्याघ्र (manujavyāghra) - O tiger among men, O best of men

• प्रलयम् (pralayam) - dissolution, cosmic destruction

• तम् (tam) - that period (that (masculine))

• विदुः (viduḥ) - they know, they understand

• बुधाः (budhāḥ) - the wise ones, intelligent people

Words meanings and morphology

एतत् (etat) - this, this one (neuter)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Note: Refers to the period described.

सहस्रपर्यन्तम् (sahasraparyantam) - extending to a thousand (Mahāyugas) (extending to a thousand, ending in a thousand)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sahasraparyanta

sahasraparyanta - extending to a thousand, ending in a thousand

Compound type : tatpurusha (sahasra+paryanta)

• sahasra – thousand
  noun (neuter)
• paryanta – ending with, extending to, boundary
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Qualifies `ahaḥ`.

अहः (ahaḥ) - day (of Brahmā) (day)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ahan

ahan - day

Note: Predicate of `etat`.

ब्राह्मम् (brāhmam) - relating to Brahmā (brahman) (relating to Brahmā, divine)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of brāhma

brāhma - relating to Brahmā, divine, sacred, priestly

Derived from brahman

Note: Qualifies `ahaḥ`.

उदाहृतम् (udāhṛtam) - declared, stated, called

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of udāhṛta

udāhṛta - declared, stated, called, exemplified

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √hṛ (to carry) with prefix ud-ā

Prefixes: ud+ā

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Predicative adjective for `etat ahaḥ`.

विश्वम् (viśvam) - the universe, the whole

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of viśva

viśva - all, whole, entire, the universe

Note: Subject of `pravartate`.

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

ब्रह्मभवने (brahmabhavane) - in Brahmā's abode

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of brahmabhavana

brahmabhavana - Brahmā's abode, Brahmā's residence

Compound type : tatpurusha (brahman+bhavana)

• brahman – Brahmā (the creator god), the Absolute, the ultimate reality
  noun (masculine)
• bhavana – abode, dwelling, existence, world
  noun (neuter)
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Locative case indicating place.

सर्वशः (sarvaśaḥ) - entirely, completely, in every way

(indeclinable)

Suffix -śas (denoting 'in every way' or 'by means of')

Note: Adverbial.

प्रवर्तते (pravartate) - revolves, proceeds, takes place

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of pra-vṛt

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

लोकानाम् (lokānām) - of the worlds

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of loka

loka - world, realm, people

Note: Genitive indicating possession/relation.

मनुजव्याघ्र (manujavyāghra) - O tiger among men, O best of men

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of manujavyāghra

manujavyāghra - tiger among men, best of men

Compound type : tatpurusha (manuja+vyāghra)

• manuja – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• vyāghra – tiger
  noun (masculine)

Note: Compound used as a vocative.

प्रलयम् (pralayam) - dissolution, cosmic destruction

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pralaya

pralaya - dissolution, destruction, cosmic dissolution, absorption

Prefix: pra

Root: lī (class 4)

Note: Object of `viduḥ`.

तम् (tam) - that period (that (masculine))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the period.

विदुः (viduḥ) - they know, they understand

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lit) of vid

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Here in the meaning of 3rd plural present indicative.

बुधाः (budhāḥ) - the wise ones, intelligent people

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of budha

budha - wise, intelligent, a wise man, the planet Mercury

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Subject of `viduḥ`.