महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-186, verse-21

सहस्रमेकं वर्षाणां ततः कलियुगं स्मृतम् ।
तस्य वर्षशतं संध्या संध्यांशश्च ततः परम् ।
संध्यासंध्यांशयोस्तुल्यं प्रमाणमुपधारय ॥२१॥

21. sahasramekaṁ varṣāṇāṁ tataḥ kaliyugaṁ smṛtam ,
tasya varṣaśataṁ saṁdhyā saṁdhyāṁśaśca tataḥ param ,
saṁdhyāsaṁdhyāṁśayostulyaṁ pramāṇamupadhāraya.

21. sahasram ekam varṣāṇām tataḥ kaliyugam
smṛtam tasya varṣaśatam sandhyā
sandhyāṃśaḥ ca tataḥ param sandhyāsandhyāṃśayoḥ
tulyam pramāṇam upadhāraya

21. The Kali Yuga is remembered as lasting one thousand years. Its dawn (sandhyā) is a hundred years, and its twilight part (sandhyāṃśa) comes after that. Understand the duration of both the dawn (sandhyā) and the twilight part (sandhyāṃśa) to be equal.

Words meanings summery:

• सहस्रम् (sahasram) - thousand

• एकम् (ekam) - one, single, the same

• वर्षाणाम् (varṣāṇām) - of years

• ततः (tataḥ) - from there, thereafter, then

• कलियुगम् (kaliyugam) - the Kali Yuga

• स्मृतम् (smṛtam) - remembered, considered, traditionally known

• तस्य (tasya) - its, of that

• वर्षशतम् (varṣaśatam) - hundred years

• सन्ध्या (sandhyā) - dawn, junction period, twilight

• सन्ध्यांशः (sandhyāṁśaḥ) - twilight part, portion of the junction period

• च (ca) - and, also

• ततः (tataḥ) - from there, thereafter, then

• परम् (param) - afterwards, next, superior

• सन्ध्यासन्ध्यांशयोः (sandhyāsandhyāṁśayoḥ) - of the dawn (sandhyā) and the twilight part (sandhyāṃśa)

• तुल्यम् (tulyam) - equal, similar

• प्रमाणम् (pramāṇam) - measure, duration, authority, proof

• उपधारय (upadhāraya) - understand, grasp, consider, hold

Words meanings and morphology

सहस्रम् (sahasram) - thousand

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sahasra

sahasra - thousand

Note: Also nominative singular, or adverbially 'a thousand-fold'.

एकम् (ekam) - one, single, the same

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of eka

eka - one, single, unique, the same

Note: Adjectival use.

वर्षाणाम् (varṣāṇām) - of years

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of varṣa

varṣa - year, rain, monsoon

ततः (tataḥ) - from there, thereafter, then

(indeclinable)

Note: Avyaya.

कलियुगम् (kaliyugam) - the Kali Yuga

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kaliyuga

kaliyuga - the Kali age, the last of the four yugas

Compound type : tatpurusha (kali+yuga)

• kali – Kali (name of a demon); the last of the four yugas
  noun (masculine)
• yuga – age, era, a yoke
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of the passive verb.

स्मृतम् (smṛtam) - remembered, considered, traditionally known

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of smṛta

smṛta - remembered, known by tradition, lawful

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √smṛ (to remember)

Root: smṛ (class 1)

Note: Predicative adjective for `kaliyugam`.

तस्य (tasya) - its, of that

(pronoun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to `kaliyugam`.

वर्षशतम् (varṣaśatam) - hundred years

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of varṣaśata

varṣaśata - a hundred years

Compound type : tatpurusha (varṣa+śata)

• varṣa – year, rain, monsoon
  noun (neuter)
• śata – hundred
  noun (neuter)

सन्ध्या (sandhyā) - dawn, junction period, twilight

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sandhyā

sandhyā - junction, twilight, dawn, evening prayer

Root: dhā (class 3)

सन्ध्यांशः (sandhyāṁśaḥ) - twilight part, portion of the junction period

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sandhyāṃśa

sandhyāṁśa - a part of the sandhyā (junction period)

Compound type : tatpurusha (sandhyā+aṃśa)

• sandhyā – junction, twilight, dawn, evening prayer
  noun (feminine)
  Root: dhā (class 3)
• aṃśa – part, portion, share
  noun (masculine)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

ततः (tataḥ) - from there, thereafter, then

(indeclinable)

Note: Avyaya.

परम् (param) - afterwards, next, superior

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially.

सन्ध्यासन्ध्यांशयोः (sandhyāsandhyāṁśayoḥ) - of the dawn (sandhyā) and the twilight part (sandhyāṃśa)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, dual of sandhyāsandhyāṃśa

sandhyāsandhyāṁśa - the dawn (sandhyā) and its twilight part (sandhyāṃśa)

Compound type : dvandva (sandhyā+sandhyāṃśa)

• sandhyā – junction, twilight, dawn, evening prayer
  noun (feminine)
  Root: dhā (class 3)
• sandhyāṃśa – a part of the sandhyā (junction period)
  noun (masculine)

Note: This is a dvandva compound, declined in dual genitive.

तुल्यम् (tulyam) - equal, similar

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tulya

tulya - equal, like, similar, comparable

Gerundive

Derived from root √tul (to weigh) + yat suffix

Root: tul (class 10)

Note: Modifies `pramāṇam`.

प्रमाणम् (pramāṇam) - measure, duration, authority, proof

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pramāṇa

pramāṇa - measure, standard, authority, proof, duration

Prefix: pra

Root: mā (class 3)

Note: Object of `upadhāraya`.

उपधारय (upadhāraya) - understand, grasp, consider, hold

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (lot) of upadhāray

Causative of √dhṛ with prefix upa

Prefix: upa

Root: dhṛ (class 1)